Albinism

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English: Albinism (from Latin albus, meaning "white") is a lack of pigmentation in the eyes, skin and hair. It is an inherited condition resulting from the combination of recessive genes passed from both parents of an individual. This condition is known to affect mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians.
Español: El albinismo es una condición natural genética en la que hay una ausencia congénita de pigmentación de ojos, piel y pelo en los animales. También aparece en los vegetales, donde faltan otros compuestos como los carotenos. Es hereditario; aparece con la combinación de los dos padres portadores del gen recesivo.
Deutsch: Albinismus (lat. albus : weiß) ist eine Sammelbezeichnung für angeborene Störungen in der Biosynthese der Melanine und dem daraus resultierenden Mangel an Pigmenten in Haut, Haaren und Augen (Rotfärbung der Iris aufgrund des durchschimmerndes Blutes). Die Betroffenen nennt man Albinos oder Dondos.
Português: Albinismo (do latim albus, que significa branco) é uma deficiência de melanina nos olhos, pele e cabelo. Essa doença é uma condição hereditária, resultada da combinação de genes recessivos passados por ambos os pais ou por apenas um dos dois. É conhecida por afetar mamíferos, peixes, aves, répteis e anfíbios.

Contents

[edit] People

A young lady with albinism at Taiwan Pride 2005

Closeup of same

Albino family (Rudolph Lucasie) ca. 1865

Eyes of a person with complete OCA1 (Albinism)

[edit] Animals

Some of these animals may be leucistic

Albino Alligator

Albino Alligator

Snowdrop in close up, an albino African Penguin, at Bristol Zoo, England

Snowdrop, an albino African Penguin, at Bristol Zoo, England

reindeer

alligator

Präparate im Carl-Schweizer-Museum in Murrhardt

white squirrel

Axolotl

Chelonia mydas

Kangaroo

[edit] Variations of Albinism

For these animals is known that they are albinotic and not Leucistic.


[edit] OCA1 (Oculocutaneous Albinism Type 1) - Albinism-Locus (C)

Deutsch: Vollständiger Albinismus bei einer Katze. Allel c. Die meisten weißen Hauskatzen sind im Gegensatz hierzu Leuzistisch.
English: Complete albinism in a cat (allele c). By contrast, most white house cats are leucistic, and retain eye pigmentation
Deutsch: Albino-Hermelinkaninchen
English: Albino Polish rabbit
Category:White albino rabbits

Laboratory mice

[edit] Siamese, Colorpoint, Himlayan

  • English: Animals with temperature-sensitive tyrosinase, OCA1
  • Deutsch: Tiere mit temperaturempfindlicher Thyrosinase, OCA1

Chinchilla with colorpoint markings

Rat with "Himalayan" coat type

Rats with "Siamese" coat type
Deutsch: Kalifornierkaninchen mit Jungen - die Abzeichen sind noch nicht voll ausgeprägt
English: California rabbit with young, whose markings are not fully developed yet.
Category:Colorpoint rabbits

Category:White Park Cattle

White individuals of Category:Galloway (Cattle)

Category:British White

[edit] OCA2 - Pink Eye Dilution (P)

Links: Rosa-Augen-Mutation beim Meerschweinchen
Left: Pink Eye Dilution

Category:Astyanax mexicanus[1]

[edit] OCA3 - Brown-Locus

Mutation des Braunlocus bei einer Katze

Cocolate-Point (Colorpoint Cat with Brown-Gen)

Category:Brown dogs

Category:Brown-and-tan dogs

Category:Red-and-white dogs

[edit] OCA4 - Cream gene mutation of the horse

Erdfarbenes/Buckskin (Brauner mit Cremegen)

Cremello (Fuchs mit doppeltem Cremegen)

Fohlen mit dem Cream-Gen werden hell geboren

Isabell/Palomino bei einem American Quarter Horse
English: For additional examples see: Horse coat colors, Cream Gene
Deutsch: Weitere Beispiele unter Fellfarben der Pferde, Cream Gene
  • Source: Denis Mariat, Sead Taourit, and Gérard Guérin; "A mutation in the MATP gene causes the cream coat colour in the horse"; Genet. Sel. Evol. 35 (2003) pp. 119–133, INRA, EDP Sciences, 2003 DOI: 10.1051/gse:2002039


[edit] Amelanism - Eumelanin and Pheomelanin absent

This form of albino lacks black pigment and red pigment, but possesses yellow pigment. Animals shown are also Tyrosinase negative, lacking brown pigment. T-positive forms also exist.

Burmese pythons

Ball (royal) python

[edit] Hypomelanism - Eumelanin diluted

This form has melanin noticeably diluted, resulting in a very faded appearance.

'Orange ghost' ball (royal) python

[edit] Only or mainly Pheomelanin diluted

  • English: Animals with "chinchilla" color variation
    Deutsch: Tiere mit Chinchillafärbung
  • Category:White tigers -
    Deutsch: weiße Tiger sind nicht leuzistisch. Leuzistische Tiger hätten kein Streifenmuster, da ihnen an einigen Stellen die Melanozyten fehlen würden.
    English: white tigers are not leucistic, they have a similar form of albinism as rats or rabbits with the coat color called "chinchilla". In leucistic tigers the stripes would miss in some places, because of melanocytes missing there.
Deutsch: Rasse: Großchinchilla Hauskaninchen
English: breed: chinchilla-colored rabbit

A black and tan dog diluted to black and white - the white color of this markings is due to canine I-Locus which dilutes only phäomelanin.

White Shepherd Dog - the white Color of this breed is due to canine I-Locus which dilutes only phäomelanin.

Category:White tigers

[edit] Only or mainly Eumelanin diluted

[edit] Refereces

  1. ↑ Protas ME, Hersey C, Kochanek D, Zhou Y, Wilkens H, Jeffery WR, Zon LI, Borowsky R, Tabin CJ: Genetic analysis of cavefish reveals molecular convergence in the evolution of albinism. Nat Genet. 2006 Jan;38(1):107-11. Epub 2005 Dec 11. PMID 16341223
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