Apse
A semicircular recess covered with a hemispherical vault at the east end
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Arcade
A passage or walkway covered over by a succession of arches or vaults supported by columns
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Architrave
A moulded or ornamental band framing a rectangular opening. It is the lintel or beam that rests on the capitals of the columns
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Bell tower
A tower which contains one or more bells, or which is designed to hold bells, even if it has none
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Buttress
An architectural structure built against (a counterfort) or projecting from a wall which serves to support or reinforce the wall
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Cloister
an enclosed space, commonly in the form of a green square with surrounding arcades, that forms the central part of a monastery
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Dome
A structural element of architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere
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Facade
The significant front of the church usually on the west front but can be on the side as well
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Flèche
A spire or a lead-covered timber spire that are placed on the ridges of church or cathedral roofs and are usually relatively small
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Gargoyle
A carved stone grotesque with a spout designed to convey water from a roof and away from the side of a building
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Portal
An opening in the walls of a building, gate or fortification, and especially a grand entrance to an important structure
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Tympanum
A semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance bounded by a lintel and arch
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Refectory
A dining room, especially in monasteries
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Aisle
A space for walking with rows of seats on either side or with rows of seats on one side and a wall on the other
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Altar
A structure upon which offerings such as sacrifices and votive offerings are made for religious purposes
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Altarpiece
An altarpiece is a picture or relief representing a religious subject and suspended in a frame behind the altar
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Bay
A unit defined as the zone between the outside edges of an engaged column, pilaster, post, or vertical wall area
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Boss
A a knob or protrusion of stone or wood. Bosses can often be found in the ceilings of buildings, particularly at the intersection of a vault.
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Chapel
A place of worship sometimes attached to a large church and sometimes a stand-alone structure
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Chantry
An institutional chapel on private land or within a greater church, where a priest would chant masses
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Choir
The area usually in the western part of the chancel between the nave and the sanctuary (which houses the altar)
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Ciborium
A canopy or covering supported by columns, freestanding in the sanctuary, that covers the altar
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Clerestory
An upper level of a Roman basilica or of the nave of a Romanesque or Gothic church, the walls of which rise above the rooflines of the lower aisles and are pierced with windows.
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Crypt
A stone chamber or vault beneath the floor of a church usually used as a chapel or burial vault possibly containing sarcophagi, coffins or relics
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Fan vault
A form of vault used in the Perpendicular Gothic style, in which the ribs are all of the same curve and spaced equidistantly, in a manner resembling a fan.
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Keystone
A piece at the crown of a vault or arch which marks its apex, locking the other pieces into position.
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Organ
A major musical instrument in a church usually placed above entrance on the west side
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Parapet
A wall-like barrier at the edge of a roof or structure
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Pinacle
An architectural ornament originally forming the cap or crown of a buttress or small turret, but afterwards used on parapets at the corners of towers and in many other situations
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Processional poles
A long stick, often decorated at the top with statues of saints, used for carrying in religious processions.
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Pulpit altar
A pulpit centrally located in the same position as the main altar
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Rood screen
An ornate screen, constructed of wood, stone or wrought iron used for diving the chancel from the nave
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Rose window
A circular window especially used in Gothic churches and divided into segments by stone mullions and tracery
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Sedilia
The seats (often) on the south side of the chancel near the altar for the use of the officiating priests
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Triforium
A shallow gallery of arches within the thickness of inner wall, which stands above the nave
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