Crinoline

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The crinoline is a 19th century form of the hoopskirt; a framework of light metal that held out skirts without the need for multiple layers of petticoats (which had been the previous method used). Crinolines were widely worn in their original extravagant form from about ca. 1854-1866. Since then, the term has been used for various contrivances to hold out skirts in more directions than a bustle; however, these latter-day crinolines do not rival the Victorian original.

Cutaway schematic diagram from Punch magazine, 1856	1850 parody by George Cruikshank (before crinolines had actually caught on in a big way)	"The Remarkable Convenience of Hoops for Young Mothers in the Country", 1857 satire	1859 fashion plate
1857 fashion joke	Early 1860's ball gowns	Sequence of posed joke photographs of five stages of putting on a crinoline, ca. 1860	1862 Vienna fashion plate
Godey's Magazine, 1859	Caricature of men being "squeezed" by expansive crinolines.