File:Byzantine - Evangelist Mark Seated in his Study - Walters W530A.jpg
Original file (1,342 × 1,799 pixels, file size: 3.65 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Captions
Summary[edit]
Evangelist Mark Seated in his Study
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| Artist |
Anonymous (Byzantine Empire) |
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| Title |
Evangelist Mark Seated in his Study |
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| Description |
English: In Byzantium, the revival of classical forms during the Macedonian Renaissance briefly reinstated naturalism as an aesthetic principle. But the desire to represent things as they are in the natural world soon disappeared. In this illuminated leaf from a gospel lectionary produced in Constantinople in the second quarter of the eleventh century, the Evangelist Mark is depicted sitting at his desk, thinking. The pose replicates that commonly used in Antiquity to represent philosophers. The persistence of the ancient prototype is evident in the style of dress, which is rendered with fluid brushstrokes. Highlights pick up the play of light on the drapery folds, conveying a sense of the body underneath. On the other hand, any illusion of space is subverted by the uniform gold ground behind the Evangelist; the furniture is flattened out with no pretence of foreshortening or perspectival rendering. The supernatural status of the saint is thus reaffirmed by the unreality of his surroundings. |
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| Date | between 1025 and 1050 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medium | ink, paint, and gold on parchment | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dimensions | height: 26.9 cm (10.5 in); width: 19 cm (7.4 in) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Collection |
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| Accession number |
W.530.A |
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| Place of creation | Constantinople (present-day Istanbul, Turkey) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Object history |
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| Exhibition history | Early Christian and Byzantine Art. Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore. 1947. Byzantine Manuscript Illumination. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin. 1957. From Icon to Image: Byzantine Influence on Pre-Renaissance Art in the East and West. Stanford University Museum of Art, Stanford. 1961-1962. The Hebrew Bible in Christian, Jewish & Muslim Art. The Jewish Museum, New York. 1963. Pages from Medieval and Renaissance Illuminated Manuscripts from the 10th to the Early 15th Centuries. University Art Gallery, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley. 1963. Illuminated Greek Manuscripts from American Collections; An Exhibition in Honor of Kurt Weitzmann. Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton. 1973. Illuminated Manuscripts: Masterpieces in Miniature. The Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore. 1984-1985. The Book and the Author: Portraits of the Evangelists in Eastern and Western Manuscripts. The Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore. 1990-1991. The Glory of Byzantium. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. 1997. Eureka! The Archimedes Palimpsest. The Field Museum, Chicago; The Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore. 1999-2000. Byzantium: Faith and Power (1261-1557). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. 2004. Illuminating the Word: Gospel Books in the Middle Ages. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore. 2004. Lost and Found: The Secrets of Archimedes. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore. 2011-2012. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit line | Acquired by Henry Walters | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source |
Walters Art Museum:  Home page  Info about artwork |
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| Permission (Reusing this file) |
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Licensing[edit]
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This file was provided to Wikimedia Commons by the Walters Art Museum as part of a cooperation project. All artworks in the photographs are in public domain due to age. The photographs of two-dimensional objects are also in the public domain. Photographs of three-dimensional objects and all descriptions have been released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License and the GNU Free Documentation License.
In the case of the text descriptions, copyright restrictions only apply to longer descriptions which cross the threshold of originality.
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This is a faithful photographic reproduction of an original two-dimensional work of art. The work of art itself is in the public domain for the following reason:
This digital reproduction has been released under the following licenses:
In many jurisdictions, faithful reproductions of two-dimensional public domain works of art are not copyrightable. The Wikimedia Foundation's position is that these works are not copyrightable in the United States (see Commons:Reuse of PD-Art photographs). In these jurisdictions, this work is actually in the public domain and the requirements of the digital reproduction's license are not compulsory. | ||||||
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| Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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| current | 05:17, 26 March 2012 | | 1,342 × 1,799 (3.65 MB) | File Upload Bot (Kaldari) (talk | contribs) | == {{int:filedesc}} == {{Walters Art Museum artwork |artist = Byzantine |title = ''Evangelist Mark Seated in his Study'' |description = {{en|In Byzantium, the revival of classical forms during the Macedonian Renaissance brief... |
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