File:Image from page 039 of "Introduction to zoology; a guide to the study of animals, for the use of secondary schools;" (1900) (14598436597).jpg

Identifier: introductiontozo00dave Title: Introduction to zoology; a guide to the study of animals, for the use of secondary schools; Year: 1900 (1900s) Authors: Davenport, Charles Benedict, 1866-1944 Davenport, Gertrude Anna Crotty, 1866- Subjects: Zoology Publisher: New York, Macmillan company London, Macmillian and co., ltd. Contributing Library: MBLWHOI Library Digitizing Sponsor: MBLWHOI Library

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Text Appearing Before Image: FIG. 18. — Catoccdu ilia, the underwing. Upper wings, bark color; lowerwings, black with orange bauds. Photo, by C. Billiard. cular markings resemble the patches made by particularkinds of fungi. This resemblance of an organism to in-animate objects in its environment is known as protectiveresemblance. There are certain species of butterflies which appear tobe let alone by birds, owing to their disagreeable odor oracrid taste. Examples of such are the Heliconidae, char-acteristic of tropical South America, and the Danaidre, towhich family our Monarch belongs. Closely resembling 1 Fig. 18. 2 Fig. 19. 20 ZOOLOGY the Monarch in this country is the Viceroy, Limenitisarcliippm. This resemblance of the edible Viceroy tothe inedible, acrid Monarch, it is believed, is sufficient to

Text Appearing After Image: FIG. 19. — A, Kallima, the leaf-butterfly of the East Indies, Hying; «, at rest.£, Siderone, another leaf-butterfly, flying; b, at rest. deceive even the birds, and thus the Viceroy gains con-siderable immunity from attack. This resemblance of anedible to an immune species is known as mimicry. Theorigin of protective resemblance and mimicry are both THE BUTTERFLY AND ITS ALLIES 21 explained by the theory of Natural Selection or Darwin-ism. Since either of them is of great utility to theorganism, their possession, even to a slight degree, how-ever accidentally gained, will give their possessor an ad-vantage over its neighbors in the Struggle for Existence.Consequently it will be more apt to survive and transmitits peculiarity to its offspring. By this means an adaptedrace will arise and crowd out the unadapted. Types of the Butterflies. —The group Papilionidse in-cludes the butterflies which fly by day. An account ofthe most important follows. The Papilios (Swallow-tails)are our

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