File:Les temples monolithes (Mahabalipuram, Inde) (13900756431).jpg
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DescriptionLes temples monolithes (Mahabalipuram, Inde) (13900756431).jpg |
Le taureau Nandi (ou Nandin), monolithe situé à proximité du temple Arjuna, dédié à Shiva, un des cinq rathas (temples monolithes) de Mahabalipuram Ces cinq temples monolithes, appelés rathas (chariots), ont été sculptés sous le règne de Narasimhavarman (630-670), de la dynastie des Pallavas à Mahabalipuram en Inde du sud. Un ratha est un chariot en bois destiné à transporter le dieu lors d'une procession, il prend la forme d'un petit temple doté de roues, c'est par analogie que ces temples monolithes ont reçu ce nom bien qu'ils n'aient pas de roues. Ils reproduisent à l'identique dans le rocher les morphologies des temples construits à l'époque dans des matériaux non pérennes et qui ont tous disparus. Cette caractéristique en fait un site essentiel pour comprendre l'évolution de l'architecture dravidienne. Le site de Mahabalipuram est classé par l'UNESCO au patrimoine mondial. A l'époque des Pallavas, la ville était un port en relation avec le Champa (royaume vaincu situé au centre et au sud de l'actuel Vietnam), Bali en Indonésie, le pays khmer (Cambodge), autant de régions qui s'étaient indianisées par le biais des échanges commerciaux. |
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Date | |||
Source | Les temples monolithes (Mahabalipuram, Inde) | ||
Author |
Jean-Pierre Dalbéra from Paris, France | ||
Note InfoField |
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Camera location | 12° 36′ 30.91″ N, 80° 11′ 22.89″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 12.608587; 80.189693 |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by dalbera at https://www.flickr.com/photos/72746018@N00/13900756431. It was reviewed on 9 December 2014 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
9 December 2014
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 16:40, 1 January 2015 | 1,586 × 1,188 (634 KB) | Medium69 (talk | contribs) | Cropped 1 % horizontally and 1 % vertically using CropTool with precise mode. | |
15:36, 9 December 2014 | 1,600 × 1,200 (1.65 MB) | Medium69 (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D200 |
Exposure time | 1/750 sec (0.0013333333333333) |
F-number | f/14 |
ISO speed rating | 1,250 |
Date and time of data generation | 04:53, 18 March 2014 |
Lens focal length | 24 mm |
JPEG file comment | CREATOR: gd-jpeg v1.0 (using IJG JPEG v80), quality = 90 |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 12.0 Macintosh |
File change date and time | 17:06, 18 April 2014 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 04:53, 18 March 2014 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 9.5507468402911 |
APEX aperture | 7.614709851552 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.7750505342189 APEX (f/3.7) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 82 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 82 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 82 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 36 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | High gain up |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
GPS tag version | 2.2.0.0 |
Lens used | 18.0-70.0 mm f/3.5-4.5 |
Date metadata was last modified | 19:06, 18 April 2014 |
Unique ID of original document | 484BB0575FAD4E454F45B8B35728E088 |