International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

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The Red Cross and the Red Crescent are symbols which are used by organizations which are part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, namely the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS), and more than 180 national Red Cross or Red Crescent Societies. In addition to that, these symbols have a special meaning derived from the Geneva Conventions. An additional symbol, the Red Lion and Sun, was used from 1924 to 1980 by Iran. The national society of Israel, Magen David Adom, uses an own symbol, the Red Star of David, which is not recognized as a protection symbol by the Geneva Conventions. An additional symbol, the Red Crystal, was introduced by adoption of a third additional protocol on December 7, 2005.

[edit] Symbols

[edit] Official emblems and symbols

The official emblem of the ICRC	The official emblem of the International Federation	The Red Cross symbol	The Red Crescent symbol
The Red Crystal symbol	The Red Lion with Sun symbol

The Magen David Adom is not a part of the Red Cross and Red Crescent movement, as it has not been recognized by the IFRC. That is one of the reasons for the creation of the Red Crystal, as some countries didn't feel identified with any of the other symbols.

[edit] Use of the Red Crystal

For indicative purposes only, the above symbols or combinations of them can be incorporated inside of the new Red Crystal emblem. For example, a combination of the Red Crystal with the Red Star of David will likely be used by the Israel society Magen David Adom for humanitarian missions abroad. Similarly, the national societies of Eritrea and Kazakhstan will probably use a combination of the Red Cross and Red Crescent inside of the Red Crystal as their emblem. For protective use, the Red Crystal can only be used without any additional symbol inside. In principle, the Red Lion with Sun (alone or in combination with the other symbols) could be used inside the Red Crystal as well. As the Red Lion with Sun is not in use since 1980, such combination is very unlikely to be used in the future. For that reason, it is not depicted here.

The Red Crystal without additional emblem inside	The Red Crystal with the Red Cross inside	The Red Crystal with the Red Crescent inside	The Red Crystal with the Red Cross and Red Crescent inside
The Red Crystal with the Red Star of David inside

[edit] Military use of the symbols

The following pictures are examples of the above symbols being used in the context of the military. Such application for members, vehicles or buildings of armed forces and similar situations is governed by the Geneva Conventions. This is called protective use and does not indicate affiliation of the respective persons or facilities with the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Under the rules of the Geneva Conventions, the symbols are therefore used without any textual designation.

Hospital ship USNS Mercy (T-AH-19) of the United States Navy Other images: 1	French medical VAB (armored personal carrier) Other images: 1, 2	Unimog ambulance car of the German Armed Forces	Stryker medical evacuation vehicle of the United States Armed Forces
Ambulance of the United States Marine Corps

[edit] History

Historical map of the Battle of Solferino, 1859	Contemporary illustration showing the five founding members of the ICRC, around 1863	Original document of the first Geneva Convention, 1864 Other images: signatures	"The Red Cross of the Geneva Convention. What It Is" by Clara Barton, 1878
French Red Cross train with sick and wounded soldiers, around 1917	The Church of Aubigny (France), converted into an emergency hospital, around 1917	Headquarters of the American Red Cross in Washington, D.C., around 1922	Red Cross message from WW2, Poland, 1940
A US army medic taking care of a German soldier in Normandy, around 1944	Procession of German POW's captured with the fall of Aachen, 1944	Peace Nobel Prize ceremony, December 10, 1963	Development of the Geneva Conventions from 1864 to 1949

[edit] Persons

[edit] Founders of the ICRC

Henry Dunant (1828-1910) Other images: 1	Gustave Moynier (1826-1910) Category: Gustave Moynier	Guillaume-Henri Dufour (1787-1875) Other images: 1	Louis Appia (1818-1898)
Theodore Maunoir (1806-1869)

[edit] Presidents of the ICRC

Guillaume-Henri Dufour (1787-1875) President 1863-1864 Other images: 1	Gustave Moynier (1826-1910) President 1864-1910) Category: Gustave Moynier	Gustave Ador (1845-1928) President 1910-1928 Other images: 1	Max Huber (1874-1960) President 1928-1944
Carl Burckhardt (1891-1974) President 1944-1948	Paul Ruegger (1897-1988) President 1948-1955	Leopold Boissier (1893-1968) President 1955-1964	Samuel Gonard (1896-1975) President 1964-1969
Marcel Naville (born 1919) President 1969-1973	Eric Martin (1900-1980) President 1973-1976	Alexandre Hay (1919-1991) President 1976-1987	Cornelio Sommaruga (born 1932) President 1987-1999
Jakob Kellenberger (born 1944) President since 2000

[edit] Chairmen/ Presidents of the League and the Federation

Henry Davison (1867-1922) Founder of the League of Red Cross Societies Chairman 1919-1922	John Barton Payne (1855-1935) Chairman 1922-1935	Cary Travers Grayson (1878-1938) Chairman 1935-1938	Norman Davis (1878-1944) Chairman 1938-1944
Johannes von Muralt (1877-1947) Chairman 1944-1945	Basil O'Connor (1892-1972) Chairman 1945-1950	Emil Sandström (1886-1962) Chairman 1950-1959	John Alexander MacAulay 1895-1978 Chairman 1959-1965
José Barroso Chávez (1925-2008) Chairman 1965-1977	Joseph Adetunji Adefarasin (1920-1989) President 1977-1981	Enrique de la Mata (1933-1987) President 1981-1987	Mario Villaroel Lander (born 1947) President 1987-1997
Astrid Nøklebye Heiberg (born 1936) President 1997-2001

[edit] Other persons

Clara Barton
(1821-1912)
Founder of the American Red Cross
Image Gallery: Clara_Barton

Count Folke Bernadotte
(1895-1948)
Swedish diplomat
Other images: Monument, with POWs

Marcel Junod
(1904-1961)
ICRC delegate/ member
in 1952
Other images: 1, 2, 3, 4

[edit] Places of Interest

Ossario di Solferino (Ossuary Chapel) in Solferino, Italy Other images: Inside (1), Inside (2)	The city of Solferino, Italy	The Red Cross Memorial in Solferino, Italy	Spia d'Italia (Spy of Italy) in Solferino, Italy
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Museum in Geneva, Switzerland Other images: Entrance, Room 6, Room 11	Gravesite of Henry Dunant at the cemetery Category:Sihlfeld in Zurich, Switzerland	Henry Dunant Memorial in Heiden, Switzerland	Red Cross Memorial Stone at Dybbøl, Denmark
Headquarters of the ICRC in Geneva, Switzerland	Monument to Marcel Junod in the Memorial Peace Park in Hiroshima, Japan	Monument to Marcel Junod in Geneva, Switzerland	Monument to Canadian Aid Workers in Ottawa, Canada
Red Cross station at the beach in San Agustin in Grand Canaria	Red Cross station near the beach in Playa del Inglés in Grand Canaria

[edit] Other

[edit] Cars, vehicles and other devices

Ambulance of Red Crescent in Saudi Arabia	Ambulance of the Red Cross in Austria	Two Red Cross Ambulances from Graz, Austria.	Two Red Cross Ambulances from Graz, Austria.
Some ambulances standing by in Graz, Austria.	Red Cross Emergency Physician Rapid Response Car; Graz, Austria.	Red Crescent ambulance at an Israeli checkpoint	A first responder ambucycle of Magen David Adom
The "J. Henry Dunant III", a Dutch Red Cross vacation ship for sick and handicapped people Other images: Close look, Restaurant, toilet/shower	Red Cross tent in Japan	Emblen of the Austrian Red Cross at the side of an ambulance in the district of Innsbruck	Ambulance car with Red Crescent emblem in Baku, Azerbaijan
An American Red Cross vehicle distributing food to Grand Forks, North Dakota victims of the 1997 Red River flood

[edit] Persons

Volunteer firefighters receiving food from a Disaster Service unit of the German Red Cross

Belgian Red Cross volunteers

March of Red Cross volunteer nurses at Army Parade in Rome, June 2, 2006 (commemorating the 60th anniversary of the birth of the Italian Republic)
Other images: Close look

[edit] Artwork

Stamp, USSR, 1965	Stamp, USSR, 1988	Stamp, Turkey, 1928	Postcard, France, 1915
"The Red Cross" from Montgomery's "The Beginner's American History", page 252, 1904	Stamp "The Faroese Red cross 75 Years", Faroe Islands, 2001	Stamp "The Faroese Red cross 75 Years", Faroe Islands, 2001	German stamp for 125 year of birth of Henri Dunant, 1953
German stamp for 100 years of Red Cross, 1963