Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Allikas: Wikimedia Commons

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (or Commonwealth of Both Nations) was a federal aristocratic republic formed by the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1569 with roots in the Polish-Lithuanian Union of 1387, lasting until 1795.

Sisukord

Maps [muuda]

  • After the Treaty of Dywilino

  • Voivodships

  • Commonwealth of Both Nations at the peak of its strength

  • Commonwealth during The Deluge and Chmielnicki's Uprising

Partitions [muuda]

  • First partition

  • Second partition

  • Third partition

  • Partitions of Poland - English map from the 18th century

Parliament [muuda]

Marshals [muuda]

  • The Marshal's cane was the insignium of the power in the parliament

  • Krzysztof Wiesiołowski, 1609

  • Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski, 1667

  • Franciszek Bieliński, 18th century

Senate [muuda]

  • Senate session in the Jasna Góra Monastery, 1661

  • Senate Chamber at the Wawel Castle in Kraków, second half of the 16th century

  • Old Senate Chamber at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, second half of the 16th century (demolished)

  • New Senate Chamber at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, 1733

Chamber of Deputies [muuda]

  • Diet (Seym) session (two chambers together) at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, 1622

  • Chamber of Deputies at the Wawel Castle in Kraków, first half of the 16th century

  • Old Chamber of Deputies at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, first half of the 16th century

  • New Chamber of Deputies at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, second half of the 17th century

Civitates Orbis Terrarum [muuda]

People [muuda]

Women [muuda]

Army [muuda]

Economy [muuda]

  • Przybyła Granary in Kazimierz Dolny, 1591

  • Allegory of Gdańsk trade, 1608

  • Lamentation over the dead credit, ca. 1655

  • Kretkowski-Guldenstern carpet, ca. 1667

Art and culture [muuda]

Architecture [muuda]

Fortifications [muuda]

  • Fortifications of Zamość, 1617

  • Fortified Krzyżtopór Palace, 1655

  • Fortifications of the Holy Trinity, 1660s

  • Fortifications of Gdańsk, 1740

Tenements [muuda]

  • Black House in Lviv, Pietro di Barbona, 1588–1589

  • Golden House in Gdańsk, Abraham van den Blocke, 1609–1618

  • Star House in Toruń, 1697

  • Prażmowski House in Warsaw, Jakub Fontana, 1754

Timber [muuda]

  • Manor house in Czarnożyły, 17th century

  • St. Paraskeva Church in Kwiatoń, 1700

  • Carmelite Church in Kėdainiai, 1703-1766

  • Synagogue in Gąbin, 1710

Town Halls [muuda]

  • Town Hall in Zamość, Bernardo Morando and Jan Jaroszewicz, 1591–1651

  • Town Hall in Mahilyow, Master Kruzberg of Bykhaw, 1679–1692

  • Town Hall in Buchach, Bernard Meretyn, 1750-1751

  • Town Hall in Kaunas, Jonas Matekeris, 1771-1775

Painting [muuda]

  • Dance of Salome, Szymon Boguszowicz, 1610s

  • Still life with a squirrel and a pitcher, Andreas Stech, 1658

  • Allegory of Summer, Jerzy Siemiginowski, 1684-1686

  • Ethiopian king meeting ambasadors of Persia, Franciszek Smuglewicz, 1785

Catholic [muuda]

  • Leżajsk organ, Stanisław Studziński and Jan Głowiński, 1693

  • Our Lady of the Scapular of Bydgoszcz in silver riza, 1700

  • Interior of the St. Anne's Church in Kraków, Baldassare Fontana and Monti brothers, 1705

  • Dominican Church in Lviv, Jan de Witte, 1744-769

Eastern [muuda]

  • The Last Judgment from Lipie, 17th century

  • Pokrov of Our Lady - detail with King John III Sobieski and Queen Marysieńka, 1670s

  • Iconostasis in the Holy Spirit Church in Vilnius, Johann Christoph Glaubitz, 1753–1756

  • Greek-Catholic St. George's Cathedral in Lviv, Bernard Meretyn, 1746–1762

Jewish [muuda]

  • Aron Kodesh of the Zamość Synagogue, 1610-1620

  • Sefer ha-Zohar Yalkut Hadash, Lublin, 1648

  • Synagogue of Zhovkva,[1] Piotr Beber, 1692-1698

  • Central Bimah of Łańcut Synagogue,[2] 1761

Protestant [muuda]

  • Allegory of salvation and sin, Hans Vredeman de Vries, 1596

  • Epitaph of Edward Blemke in Gdańsk, Willem van den Blocke, 1591

  • Church of the Holy Ghost in Toruń, Ephraim Schröger, 1755-1756

  • Holy Trinity Church in Warsaw, Szymon Bogumił Zug, 1777–1782

Armenian [muuda]

  • Our Lady of the Trinitarians, Armenian painter, turn of the 16/17th century

  • Armenian Houses in Zamość, 1632-1674

  • Belltower of the Armenian Cathedral in Lviv, 17th century

  • Karacena of John III Sobieski, Armenian workshop in Lviv, 17th century

Muslim [muuda]

  • Lithuanian Field Hetman portraited with a Persian style kalkan shield, 1650-1651

  • Kilim with the Czartoryski family emblems, Iran, 17th century

  • Tatar Mosque in Kruszyniany, after 1717

  • Harem in Grabki Duże,[3] Francesco Placidi, 1742

Notes [muuda]

  1. ↑ Construction was financially supported by king John III Sobieski - king's coat of arms (Janina) and the Polish eagle were placed inside of the building in gratitude for helping.
    Z wdzięczności Sobieskiemu za pomoc przy budowie synagogi starsi żydowscy kazali umieścić wewnątrz jego herb (Janina) i orła polskiego. Stefan Gąsiorowski () Chrześcijanie i Żydzi w Żółkwi w XVII i XVIII wieku (Christians and Jews in Zhovkva in the 17th and 18th centuries), Polska Akademia Umiejętności, p. 119 ISBN: 83-88857-39-8.
  2. ↑ The synagogue was established by Stanisław Lubomirski.
    After a fire had destroyed a wooden synagogue in 1733 Stanislaw Lubomirski decided to found a new bricked synagogue building. Polin Travel. Lancut. www.jewish-guide.pl. Retrieved on 2010-09-02.
  3. ↑ Constructed for Stanisław Rupniewski, castellan of Małogoszcz, who converted to Islam.
Pärit leheküljelt "http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth&oldid=95688160"