Sultan Mahmut II

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Mahmud II (Ottoman Turkish: محمود ثاني Mahmud-ı sānī) (July 20, 1785 – July 1, 1839) was the 30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death. He was the son of Sultan Abdül Hamid I. His reign is notable mostly for the extensive legal and military reforms he instituted. Mahmud II died from tuberculosis in 1839. His son Abdül Mecid I succeeded him.

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Portrait	Portrait of Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II after his clothing reforms (1830).	The tughra reads: "Mahmud Han bin Abdulhamid muzaffer daima" ("Mahmud Khan son of Abdulhamid is forever victorious").	Calligraphy
Ali Pasha's head is presented to Sultan Mahmut II. Lithography by Johann Nepomuk Geiger