افغانستان

**Afghanistan**
	country in Central and South Asia
	Upload media
	Wikipedia Wikiquote Wikinews Wikivoyage
Pronunciation audio
Instance of	sovereign state; landlocked country; country;
Culture	culture of Afghanistan;
Capital	Kabul;
Basic form of government	unitary state; theocracy (2021–); emirate (2021–);
Legislative body	National Assembly of Afghanistan (Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, 2004–2021);
Executive body	Government of Afghanistan;
Highest judicial authority	Afghan Supreme Court;
Official language	Pashto; Dari; Balochi (regional language); Nuristani (regional language); Pamir (regional language); Pashayi (regional language); Uzbek (regional language); Arabic (regional language); Turkmen;
Anthem	This Is the Home of the Brave (2021–);
Currency	Afghan afghani;
Head of state	Hibatullah Akhundzada (de facto, Amir al-Mu'minin, 2021–);
Head of government	Mohammad Hasan Akhund (2021–);
Inception	1709 (Hotaki Empire); 19 June 1747 (Durrani Empire); 1823 (Emirate of Afghanistan); 1926 (Kingdom of Afghanistan); 1973 (Republic of Afghanistan); 1978 (Democratic Republic of Afghanistan); 1992 (Islamic State of Afghanistan); 1996 (Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan); 2002 (Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan); 2004 (Islamic Republic of Afghanistan); 2021 (Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan);
Significant event	Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919;
Highest point	Noshaq (7,492 m);
Population	37,466,414 (estimation, 2021);
Area	652,230 km²;
Top-level Internet domain	.af;
	official website
	33° 00′ 00″ N, 66° 00′ 00″ E
Authority control
	Q889; ISNI: 0000 0001 2167 7801, 0000 0004 4905 0535; VIAF ID: 138292433; GND ID: 4000687-6; Library of Congress authority ID: n79063030; Bibliothèque nationale de France ID: 11987818g, 15238303m, 11930839q; IdRef ID: 027944069; NDL Authority ID: 00560077; Libraries Australia ID: 35001590; NKCR AUT ID: ge134003; HDS ID: 003402; SELIBR ID: 138931; National Library of Israel ID (old): 000975636; Biblioteca Nacional de España ID: XX450563; U.S. National Archives Identifier: 10046295; BabelNet ID: 00001803n; Libris-URI: hftwv5d13fdgp13; National Library of Israel J9U ID: 987007564356005171; OpenStreetMap relation ID: 303427; Omni topic ID: 7c034edeb11a36f7c0bb1aeb15c24e4c92bf06df
	Reasonator; Scholia; KML file; WikiShootMe; OpenStreetMap; Search depicted;

<nowiki>अफगानिस्तान; Afganistan; افغٲنِستان; Afghanistan; Afghanistan; افغانستان; I-Afugani; افغانستان; افغانستان; Afganistan; Afghànistan; আফগানিস্তান; Afghánistán; Afganistan; Афганистан; Afghanistan; Afganistan; Афганисҭан; أفغانستان; ଆଫଗାନିସ୍ତାନ; Afganėstans; Авганистан; Afghanistan; Afghanistan; Afğanistan; Aoģánistán; Afganistan; Сарта Апганмудин Орн; Afghanistan; Afganistán; Afghanistan; Афғанстан; Afganistan; Afghanistan; An Afganastáin; افغانستان; Afğanistan; Afghanistan; ავღანეთი; アフガニスタン; Afghanistan; Afghanistan; افغانستان; Apeganitan; Afgania; अफगानस्थान; ‘Apekanikana; ਅਫ਼ਗ਼ਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ; Afghanistan; أفغانيستان; Аўганістан; Әфганстан; Afganistan; Afghanistan; Afghanistan; Afghanistan; Afghanistan; ཨ་ཧྥུའུ་རྒན་སི་ཐན།; Afghanistan; Afganistan; ma Akanisan; Apganistan; Afghanistan; ʻAfikānisitani; Afgaanistan; Афганистан; Афганистан; Afghanistan; Afghanistan; Afganistan; ປະເທດອັຟການິສະຖານ; 아프가니스탄; Afghanistan; Afganio; Afganistan; Afghanistan; Afganistón; Afghanistan; افغانستان; אפגאניסטאן; Afghanistan; Afghanistan; Афганистане; Afghanistan; Afghanistan; Афганистан; Afghanistan; Afganistan; ಅಫ್ಘಾನಿಸ್ತಾನ; Afganistáni; Afghanistan; Ahyganitã; ߊߝߑߜ߭ߊߣߌߛߑߕߊ߲߫; አፍጋኒስታን; Афганистан; 𐌰𐍆𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽; अफगानिस्तान; Afghanistan; Afganistan; Afakanisitana; Afganistan; Afgaanistaan; សាធារណរដ្ឋឥស្លាមអាហ្វហ្កានីស្ថាន; ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ; ܐܦܓܐܢܣܛܐܢ; Afg'anstan; ꯑꯐꯒꯥꯅꯤꯁꯇꯥꯟ; Afganistan; Афгъанистан; Afghanístàn; Афганистэн; Afganistaan; Afganistan; Afghanistan; ᎠᏫᎨᏂᏍᏖᏂ; Afganistan; അഫ്ഗാനിസ്താൻ; Afghanistan; Afghanistan; Афганистаан; Afganistán; 阿富汗; Afgańistan; Afghanistan; မိူင်းဢႃႇၾၵၢၼ်ႇၼီႇသတၢၼ်ႇ; اوگانستان; Afghanistan; A̱fganistan; Afganistan; Афганістан; Owganystan; Efxanistan; Afghanischtan; Afgʻoniston; Ауғанстан; Авганистан; Afghanistan; अफ़ग़ानिस्तान; Afganistán; Afghanistan; Афганистан Мастор; ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན་; अफगानिस्तान; I-Afganistani; Apganistan; Afghanistan; Afganistan; 阿富汗; အာဖဂန်နစ္စတန်နိုင်ငံ; 阿富汗; Афганистан; Afghanistan; Afganistan; Afghanistan; Afghanistan; Affganistan; Աֆղանստան; 阿富汗; Afganistan; Afganistuanu; अफगानस्थान; Afeganistaun; ኣፍጋኒስታን; ඇෆ්ගනිස්ථානය; Afghanistan; अफ़्गानिस्तान; 阿富汗; Afganistan; Աֆղանիստան; Afghanistan; Afganistaan; Afghanistan; Afghanistan; Afganistan; Afghanistan; Afganistan; Афґаністан; Afghanistan; Afghanistan; 阿富汗; Афганистан; Afghanistan; Apganistan; Lafganistän; Afganistan; আফগানিস্তান; Афғонистон; Afuganisitani; afyganisTAN; Afganistaan; افخانئون; Афганистан; Afganistan; Αφγανιστάν; Afghanistan; Afganistan; Afganistana; Afghanistan; Афғонистон; Afganistan; Afghanistan; 阿富汗; ஆப்கானித்தான்; افغانیستان; ئافغانىستان; Āwhekenetāna; Afghanistan; अफगानिस्तान; Afganistán; Afghanistan; Afghanistan; Afghanistan; Afganistan; افغانيستن; އަފްޣާނިސްތާން; 阿富汗; Afɣanistan; Afeganistão; Afghanistan; Efğanıstan; Afganistan; Афганистан; Afganistāna; Afghanistan; ประเทศอัฟกานิสถาน; ავღანეთი; Afganistani; Afeganistão; Afganistan; Afghanistan; Afganistan; अफगाणिस्तान; Afganistàn; Afganistan; अफगाणिस्तान; Афгъанистан; ئەفغانستان; أفغانستان; 阿富汗; Afghanistan; Afgànistan; Afganischtaan; ᐊᑉᒐᓂᔅᑕᓐ; Afganisztán; અફઘાનિસ્તાન; Afganistán; Afganistan; Afeganistan; Афганистанъ; Афганистан; Afgansuyu; Afghanistan; АфгIанистан; Афганістан; ఆఫ్ఘనిస్తాన్; Afghanistan; Efxanistan; अफगानिस्तान; Afghanistan; Afganistan; Afɣanistan; أفغانستان; Afghanistan; אפגניסטן; Әфганстан; আফগানিস্তান; Afgana; Afghanistan; Afganistána; Afghaanistaan; Афгъанистан; Afganistan; अफगाणिस्तान; Afghanistan; Афганистан; Afganistani; Afganistan; 阿富汗; Afghanistan; Afganistan; Афганистан; Afganistan; Авганистан; Əfqanıstan; Avganistan; Afganistan; Afghanistan; Afghanistan; Afganistanas; Afghanistan; Äfğanstan; Afganistan; Afganistán; Afganistan; Afghanistan; Afghanastàn; 阿富汗; افغانستان; Afganistan; افغانستان; 阿富汗; Afganistan; Афганистан; Afganistádna; Yn Afghanistaan; país en Asia; landlukt ríki í Mið- og Suður-Asíu; مُلُک; ma lon ma Asija; republic in South Asia; امارت په جنوبي اسیا کې; țară din Asia; 亞洲國家; štát v južnej Ázii; країна на півдні Центральної Азії; 亚洲国家; istadu de s'Àsia meridionale; 중앙아시아와 남아시아의 국가; Оңтүстік Азияда орналасқан мемлекет; lando de Azio; stát v Asii; suverena država u srednjoj Aziji; দক্ষিণ এশিয়ার দেশ; pays d'Asie centrale; 亚洲国家; आशिया खंडाच्या मध्यभागी असलेला एक भूपरिवेष्टित देश; stat w južnej Aziji; quốc gia có chủ quyền không giáp biển ở ngã tư Trung và Nam Á; valsts Āzijā; pagilian idiay Asia; држава у средњој Азији; país no Sul da Ásia; landlocked an muntainous kintra in sooth-central Asie; innlandsstat på grensen mellom Sentral-Asia og Sør-Asia; وڵاتێک لە ئاسیا; country in Central and South Asia; دولة في آسيا الوسطى; ဗဟို နှင့် တောင်အာရှ ကြားတွင် တည်ရှိသော နိုင်ငံ; 南亞一國; állam Dél-Ázsiában; estáu d'Asia; país de l'Àsia Central; Staat in Südasien; Staat in Südmittelasien; краіна ў Азіі; држава у средњој Азији; 亞洲國家; suveræn stat i Sydasien; ქვეყანა სამხრეთ აზიაში; 中央・南アジアの国; Staat in Südasien; ኣብ ኤስያን ዞባ ማእከላይ ምብራቕን እትርከብ ሃገር; מדינה באסיה; Урта Азияда урнашкан дәүләт; दक्षिण एशिया में स्थित एक देश; దక్షిణ ఆసియాలో గణతంత్రం; valtio Etelä-Aasiassa; мамлакат дар Осиёи Ҷанубӣ; republic in South Asia; jiõččnaž valdia Saujj-Aasiast; இசுலாமியக் பயங்கரவாத நாடு ஆகும்; stato dell'Asia meridionale; 亞洲國家; 位于亚洲中南部的内陆国家; peyi ki nan kontinan Azi; краіна ў Азіі; país na Ásia Central e Meridional; Урта Азияда урнашкан дәүләт; iehčanas riika Lulli-Ásias; land i södra Asien; ߊߖ߭ߌ߫ ߕߊ߲ߓߊ߲ ߞߊ߬ߝߏ; ایشیا کا ایک ملک جو پاکستان کے مغرب اور ایران کے شمال میں واقع ہے; država u srednjoj Aziji; stat sovran li jinsab f’salib it-toroq bejn l-Asja tal-Punent, Ċentrali u tan-Nofsinhar; کشوری در تقاطع آسیای مرکزی و جنوبی; ქიანა აზიას; Batı, Orta ve Güney Asya'nın birleştiği yerde bulunan devlet; χώρα της νοτιοκεντρικής Ασίας; Urta Aziäda urnaşqan däwlät; negara di Asia Selatan; государство в Южной Азии; ประเทศในเอเชียใต้; państwo w Azji; ഏഷ്യയിലെ ഒരു പരമാധികാര രാജ്യം; land in Azië; riik Aasias; азиядагы мамлекет.; ڏکڻ ايشيا ۾ ملڪ; soewereine staat geleë by die samevloeiing van Wes-, Sentraal- en Suid-Asië; país de Asia; jiečânâs staatâ Maadâ-Aasiast; country in Central and South Asia; ປະເທດໃນອາຊີໃຕ້; Emirato Islámico de Afganistán; Afganisztáni Iszlám Köztársaság; Afgánia; AF; AFG; Исламский Эмират Афганистан; Aqanisuyu; افغانستان; افغانستون; af; AFG; 🇦🇫; アフガン; Afganistan; እስላማዊ ኢማራ ኣፍጋኒስታን; AF; AFG; אפגניסטאן; אפגאניסטאן; अफ़गानिस्तान; 아프간; af; 🇦🇫; Afganujo; Afganistano; Afganistan; af; 🇦🇫; আফগানিস্থান; pays des Cavaliers; AF; Af.; Афганістан; Afghanistánna; Apganixtan; A Phú Hãn; Áp-ga-ni-xtan; 🇦🇫; AFG; Afghanistan; Afganistanas; Apganistan; Á-hu-gān; A-hù-hān; Afganastan; AF; AFG; Afghanistan; Awhekenetana; 🇦🇫; AFG; af; ߊߝ; 🇦🇫; 🇦🇫; AFG; Afganská islamská republika</nowiki>

Afghanistan (Persian/Pashto: Afğānistān افغانستان) officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a country in South Asia on the crossroads of Central Asia and Western Asia.

National symbol[edit]

Afghan National Army
National animal of Afghanistan
National bird of Afghanistan
Tulipa gesneriana, National flower of Afghanistan
Ulmus wallichiana, National tree of Afghanistan

Map[edit]

Selected maps are included in the Wikimedia Atlas of Afghanistan.

Afghanistan the heart of Asia
Map of Afghanistan
Larger map
Ethnolinguistic grlöpö
irrigation
Lashkargah

Landscape[edit]

Collage of 4 images created by User:Officer
mountains
Band-e Amir National Park, also known as Afghanistan's Grand Canyon
Sand dunes in Reg District of Kandahar Province, which is completely uninhabited and has been historically used to smuggle drugs and weapons on the back of camels
Snow covered mountains outside of Salang Tunnel in Parwan Province
Khawajah Bahawuddin, Takhar Province in northern Afghanistan
Scenic view in western Afghanistan
Bamyan Valley in Bamyan Province
Watapur district in Kunar Province
Dahla Dam in Kandahar Province
Korengal Valley in Kunar Province
Badakhshan Province in northeast Afghanistan
An aerial view from the window of a Blackhawk helicopter between Mazar-e-Sharif and Kunduz in northern Afghanistan
Chorah District in Urozgan Province
Badel Valley in Kunar Province
Valley in Samangan Province in northern Afghanistan
Branches of the Kunar River meet in Nangarhar Province
Arghandab River Valley between Kandahar and Lashkar Gah
Aerial photograph of Kandahar Province
Road in Kapisa Province
Khogyani District in Nangarhar Province
Ghazni Province in eastern Afghanistan
Winter in Uruzgan Province
Snow-covered mountains in Paktia Province
Nawa District, Ghazni Province
Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan
Approaching the Salang Tunnel
Salang Pass north of Kabul
K-G Pass in eastern Afghanistan
Badghis Province in northwestern Afghanistan
Valley in Baghlan Province
Valley in Panjshir Province
Reservoir at the Kajaki Dam in Helmand Province
Arghandab Valley in Kandahar Province
Faryab Province in northern Afghanistan
Sayed Abad District in Wardak Province
Tangi Valley in the Wardak Province
Hari River in Ghor Province
Road in Parwan Province, northeast of Bagram Air Base
Nurgal District in Kunar Province
Kabul River near the Behsud Bridge area in Jalalabad
An AH-64 Apache helicopter shoots flares over a valley in Daykundi Province
Zabul Province
Ghor Province during winter
Paktika Province
Kabul, the Afghan capital
City of Herat in Herat Province
Valley in the Gizab district of Urozgan Province
Capital city of Khost Province
Intersection of Highway 1 and Route 606 in Delaram, Farah Province
Nimroz Province
Puli-i Alam, the capital of Logar Province

Landmark[edit]

Arg
National Museum of Afghanistan
Gardens of Babur in Kabul
Shrine of the Cloak of Islam's Prophet Muhammad in Kandahar
Friday Mosque of Herat
Herat Citadel
Shrine of Hazrat Ali in Mazar-i-Sharif

Politics[edit]

President of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai with Supreme Court Judges and former Afghan King, Zahir Shah
Afghan parliament in 2006
U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton standing with Afghan female politicians.
John Kerry with Abdullah Abdullah and Ashraf Ghani in July 2014.
U.S. representative Zalmay Khalilzad (left) meeting with Taliban leaders, Abdul Ghani Baradar, Abdul Hakim Ishaqzai, Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai, Suhail Shaheen, unidentified. Doha, Qatar on 21 November 2020.

Afghan Armed Forces[edit]

Afghan Black Hawk pilot at Kandahar International Airport in 2018
Afghan pilots in 2018
Graduation day of Afghan Air Force students in May 2017
Afghan Air Force UH-60s at Kandahar International Airport in 2018
Afghan Air Force A-29 Super Tucano
Afghan National Army Humvees
Inside Kabul Military Training Center in 2012
Afghan National Army Commandos
Soldiers of the Afghan National Army, including the ANA Commando Brigade standing in the front

Police[edit]

Afghan National Civil Order Force
New graduates sitting at the Afghan Ministry of Interior
Female officers of the Afghan National Police (ANP)
Afghan National Police
Afghan Border Police
ANP lineup
ANP Ford Rangers in Kabul
ANP Ford Rangers in Kunar
opium pdf

History of Afghanistan[edit]

The Medes followed by the Achaemenids governed the area until 330 BC.
Alexander the Great explored the land in 330 BCE after defeating the Achaemenids.
Cities in the north were governed by Seleucus I Nicator while cities in the south were governed by the Maurya Empire, which introduced religions of India such as Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism.
From what is now Iran, Islam began spreading in Afghanistan in the 7th century.
The Saffarid Empire was established in 861 with its capital at Zaranj, Afghanistan.
The Ghaznavid Empire was established in 975 with its capital at Ghazni, Afghanistan.
Humayun and Babur of Kabul. From their power base in Afghanistan, they crossed the Indus River and conquered the Punjab region followed by northern India, establishing the Mughal Empire.
The Hotak Empire was established in 1709 with its capital at Kandahar, Afghanistan.
Ahmad Shah Durrani established the Durrani Empire in 1747 with Kandahar, Afghanistan, serving as its main capital.
British India invaded the country twice in the 19th century but both times they were taught a lesson that Afghanistan cannot be conquered militarily.