Albert Einstein

**Albert Einstein**
	German-born theoretical physicist; developer of the theory of relativity (1879–1955) Albert Einstein en 1947
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Name in native language	Albert Einstein;
Date of birth	14 March 1879; Ulm (Kingdom of Württemberg, German Empire)
Date of death	18 April 1955; Princeton (United States of America, New Jersey)
Manner of death	natural causes;
Cause of death	abdominal aortic aneurysm;
Place of burial	National Museum of Health and Medicine (Albert Einstein's brain);
Country of citizenship	German Empire (1, 1879–1896); statelessness (2, 1896–1901); Switzerland (3, 1901–); Cisleithania (4, 1911–1912); Weimar Republic (5, 1918–1933); Germany (6, 1933–1933); United States of America (7, 1940–);
Residence	Einsteinhaus Caputh (Schwielowsee, 1929–1932); Einsteinhaus (Bern, Kramgasse, 49, 1903–1905); Munich; Princeton; Smíchov (1911–);
Educated at	ETH Zurich (Bachelor of Science, mathematics education, 1896–1900); Luitpold-Gymnasium (1888–1894); old Kantonsschule (Albert Einstein House) (1896, matura, 1895–1896); University of Zurich (doctorate, physics, –1905);
Doctoral advisor	Alfred Kleiner (1905, first doctoral advisor); Heinrich Burkhardt (second doctoral advisor); Heinrich Friedrich Weber;
Occupation	physicist;
Employer	Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property (1902–1909); Charles University; University of Zurich (professor, 1909–1911); German University in Prague (professor, 1911–1912); ETH Zurich (professor, 1912–1914); Kaiser Wilhelm Society (director, 1917–1933); Princeton University (1933–1955); Leiden University; University of Bern (teacher, 1908–1909); Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft (president, 1916–1918); Humboldt University of Berlin (professor, 1914–1933); Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences (1914–1933); Institute for Advanced Study; Leiden University (Faculteit der Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappen, Professor by special appointment, 1920–1946); Bern; University of California, Berkeley;
Member of	Royal Society; Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences; German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina; Lincean Academy; American Philosophical Society; Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities; Göttingen Academy of Sciences; Academy of Sciences of the USSR; French Academy of Sciences; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences; American Academy of Arts and Sciences; Russian Academy of Sciences (1917–1925) (1922–); Indian National Science Academy; Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL; Brazilian Academy of Sciences; National Academy of Sciences (Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences, 1922–); National Academy of Sciences (Member of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 1942–); Centre international de synthèse;
Member of political party	German Democratic Party (–1933);
Position held	professor;
Field of work	theoretical physics;
Native language	German;
Father	Hermann Einstein;
Mother	Pauline Koch;
Sibling	Maja Einstein;
Child	Hans Albert Einstein; Eduard Einstein; Lieserl (Einstein);
Spouse	Elsa Einstein (1919–1936); Mileva Marić (1903–1919);
Relative	Lina Einstein (female first cousin); Elsa Einstein (female first cousin);
Work location	Bern (1902–1909); Prague (1911–1912); Zürich (1909–1911); Berlin (1914–1933); Caputh; Princeton; Zürich (1912–1914);
Notable work	special relativity; general relativity; photoelectric effect; theory of relativity; theory of Brownian Motion; mass–energy equivalence; Planck constant; Einstein field equations; quantum mechanics; unified field theory; stimulated emission;
Present in work	Marie Curie: The Courage of Knowledge;
Award received	Barnard Medal for Meritorious Service to Science (1920); Nobel Prize in Physics (1921); Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1926); Prix Jules Janssen (1931); Matteucci Medal (1921); Max Planck Medal (1929); Franklin Medal (1935); Copley Medal (1925); Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts order; Josiah Willard Gibbs Lectureship (1934); Honorary doctorate from the University of Geneva; honorary doctor of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (1949); honorary doctorate from Princeton University; honorary doctor of the University of Madrid Complutense (1923); Foreign Member of the Royal Society (1921); Member of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States (1942); Great Immigrants (2009);
Authority file
	Q937; ISNI: 0000 0001 2281 955X; VIAF ID: 75121530; GND ID: 118529579; Library of Congress authority ID: n79022889; Bibliothèque nationale de France ID: 119016075; IdRef ID: 026849186; CALIS ID: n2004370668; NDL Authority ID: 00438728; Libraries Australia ID: 36582360; NL CR AUT ID: jn19990002019; HDS ID: 028814; SELIBR ID: 184709; RSL ID (person): 000021094; National Library of Israel ID (old): 000042773; Biblioteca Nacional de España ID: XX834035; National Library of Romania ID: 000074139; Nationale Thesaurus voor Auteursnamen ID: 068350767; NORAF ID: 90053072; NCL ID: 369710; NUKAT ID: n95300836; U.S. National Archives Identifier: 10582637; NLP ID (old): a0000001178767; National Library of Korea ID: KAC200103196; Libris-URI: fcrtts5z33mrjqc; PLWABN ID: 9810646540205606; National Library of Israel J9U ID: 987007260607605171; FranceArchives agent ID: 166026621; CiNii Books author ID: DA00708434; SBN author ID: CFIV035853; Open Library ID: OL3175986A; Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren author ID: eins001; Mathematics Genealogy Project ID: 53269; Union List of Artist Names ID: 500240971; MusicBrainz artist ID: c98c325e-7277-46e8-8b44-e3517f3e041a; IMDb ID: nm0251868
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Hastiin Albert Einstein; Einštein Al'bert; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; Альберт Эйнштейн; Albert Einstein; Einsteini Albert; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; ಅಲ್ಬರ್ಟ್ ಐನ್ ಸ್ಟೈನ್; ئاڵبێرت ئاینیشتاین; ألبارت إنشتاين; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; ߊߟߑߓߍߙ ߍ߲ߛߑߕߍ߲߫; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; አልበርት አይንስታይን; Альберт Эйнштейн; Albert Einstein; آلورت انیشتین; Алберт Ајнштајн; آلبرت انیشتین; Albert Einstein; आइन्स्टाइन, आल्बर्ट; Эйнштейн, Альберт; Альберт Эйнштэйн; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; अल्बर्ट आइन्स्टाइन; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; Alberti Anistaayin; Albert Einstein; Алберт Эйнштейн; Albert Einstein; អាល់បឺត អែងស្តែង; ᱟᱞᱵᱚᱨᱴ ᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; ꯑꯜꯕꯔ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯥꯢꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯢꯟ; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; 愛因斯坦; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; Альберт Эйнштейн; Albert Einstein; अल्बर्ट आइनस्टाइन; Albert Einstein; अल्बर्ट आइंस्टीन; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; Alboert Ainstain; अल्बर्ट आइन्स्टाइन; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; ആൽബർട്ട് ഐൻസ്റ്റൈൻ; 亞伯特·愛因斯坦; Albert Einstein; Альберт Эйнштейн; البرٽ آئنسٽائن; Albert Einstein; Albert Einstein; آلبيرط إينشطاين; 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦; अल्बर्ट आइनस्टाइन; físico alemán; þýskur vísindamaður, eðlisfræðingur og nóbelsverðlaunahafi (1879-1955); fizikawan bidang fizik teori asal Jerman dan pembangun teori kenisbian; German-American physicist and founder of the theory of relativity; Германски физик; fizician teoretician evreu german; جرمن نژاد ماہر طبیعیات اور نظریہ اضافیت کا بانی; tysk fysiker; nemes-amerikan fizigi; 德裔美國物理學家，相對論創立者; fizikisto; Theoretische Physiker, Entwickler vo dr Relativitätstheorie (1879-1955); 독일과 미국의 물리학자 (1879–1955); немістің,әлемнің ең ұлы ғалымы,физик және химик; germana teoria fizikisto; ellaboranto de la teorio de relativeco. Nobel-premiito pri fiziko (1879–1955); německo-americký fyzik, autor teorie relativity; njemački fizičar; जर्मनी में जनमल भौतिकी बिद्वान, रिलेटिविटी सिद्धांत के संस्थापक; জার্মান পদার্থবিজ্ঞানী; physicien d'origine allemande; njemački fizičar; ލިޔުންތެރިއެއް; יידישער פיזיקער; भौतिकशास्त्रातील नोबेल पारितोषिकविजेता शास्त्रज्ञ.; fyzikar a nošer Nobeloweho myta; nhà vật lý lý thuyết người Đức gốc Do Thái; Vācijā dzimis ebreju izcelsmes fiziķis, relativitātes teorijas attīstītājs; Aleman ken Amerikano a pisiko, nangbangon ti teoria ti relatibidad; теоријски физичар, проналазач теорије релативитета; físico teórico alemão que desenvolveu a teoria da relatividade; German-American pheesicist an foonder o the theory o relativity; däitsche Physiker; tyskfødd fysikar og grunnleggar av relativitetsteorien; tyskfødt fysiker og grunnlegger av relativitetsteorien; 猶太裔，通理論物理學，獲諾貝爾物理學獎; زانای فیزیای ئەڵمانی; German-born theoretical physicist; developer of the theory of relativity (1879–1955); عالم فيزياء نظرية، ألماني المولد، ومطور نظرية النسبية; ဂျာမန်နိုင်ငံဖွား ရူပဗေဒပညာရှင်နှင့် နှိုင်းရသီအိုရီကို တီထွင်ဖန်တီးသူ; 德國猶太裔物理學家，相對論嘅創立人; (1879–1955) német-amerikai elméleti fizikus; જર્મનીનાં મહાન જગવિખ્યાત વૈજ્ઞાનિક; Alemaniar-amerikar fisikaria, erlatibitatearen teoriaren sortzailea; физик-теоретик, один из основателей современной теоретической физики, лауреат Нобелевской премии, общественный деятель-гуманист; физик-теоретик, заманса теоретик физикаға нигеҙ һалыусыларҙың береһе, Физика буйынса Нобель премияһы лауреаты; ffisegydd damcaniaethol a anwyd yn yr Almaen; Albert Anjshtajn; գերմանացի-ամերիկացի ֆիզիկոս -տեսաբան․ նոբելյան մրցանակակիր; 猶太裔美國物理學家，相對論創立者; Dútsk-Amerikaanske teoretysk natuerkundige; გერმანელი ფიზიკოს-თეორეტიკოსი; ドイツ出身の理論物理学者; Γερμανός φυσικός; פיזיקאי יהודי גרמני אמריקאי; physicus et philosophus germanicus; fizik, nisbiylik nazariyasining muallifi; एक जर्मन वैज्ञानिक, सामान्य आपेक्षिकता के ज्ञाता।; ప్రపంచ ప్రఖ్యాత భౌతిక శాస్త్రవేత్త; saksalaissyntyinen fyysikko ja suhteellisuusteorian luoja; фізік-тэарэтык, адзін з заснавальнікаў сучаснай тэарэтычнай фізікі, лаўрэат Нобелеўскай прэміі; கோட்பாட்டு இயற்பியல் அறிஞர்; عالم فيزياء ألماني; عالم فيزياء ألماني; fisico svizzero-tedesco e statunitense (1879-1955); Germany karimba ŋun nyɛ doo; प्रख्यात भौतिक बिज्ञ र थेओर्य ओफ रेल्याठिविटी; ಗಣಿತಜ್ಞ; saksa füüsikateoreetik; Duits-Zwitsers-Amerikaanse theoretisch natuurkundige en uitvinder (1879–1955); fizîknasê Almanî; فیزیک‌دان آلمانی; fisikawan bidang fisika teori asal Jerman dan pengembang teori relativitas; theoretischer Physiker, Entwickler der Relativitätstheorie (1879–1955); ናሆም ፊዚስቱ; físico teórico alemão; desenvolvedor da teoria da relatividade (1879–1955); físic germano-americà creador de la teoria de la relativitat; Fysiker; ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨੀ; Vokiečių fizikas, reliatyvumo teorijos kūrėjas, Nobelio premijos laureatas (1921).; nemški fizik in matematik; Almanya doğumlu teorik fizikçi ve bilim insanı (1879–1955); fizicianu Ghîrmanu; fisiceoir a rugadh sa Ghearmáin; นักฟิสิกส์ทฤษฎีชาวเยอรมัน; fizyk teoretyk, noblista, twórca teorii względności; ആപേക്ഷികതാ സിദ്ധാന്തത്തിനു രൂപം നൽകിയ ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞന്‍; 德裔美國物理學家，相對論創立者; nemecko-švajčiarsko-americký teoretický fyzik; ߊߟߏߡߊ߲ߘߎ߯ ߣߴߊߡߍߙߌߞߌ߬ ߟߎ߫ ߘߐ߬ߞߏ߬ߦߊ߬ߟߊ (߁߈߇߉–߁߉߅߅); جرمن ڄائو سائنسدان (1879-1955); Duits-gebore teoretiese fisikus; ontwikkelaar van die relatiwiteitsteorie (1879–1955); físico e matemático alemán recoñecido internacionalmente por propor a teoría da relatividade.; fishigagh va ruggit 'sy Ghermaan; 犹太裔美国物理学家，相对论的创立者; 德裔美国物理学家，相对论创立者; ߍ߲ߛߑߕߍ߲߫; આઇન્સ્ટાઇન; આઈન્સ્ટાઈન; Эйнштейн, Альберт; Эйнштейн; Айнштайн; Эйнштейн А.; Эйнштейн Альберт; А. Эйнштейн; Альберт Энштейн; Эйнштейн, Альберт; Einstein; Ալբերտ Էյնշտեյն; 阿尔贝特·爱因斯坦; 艾尔伯特·爱因斯坦; 爱尔伯特·爱因斯坦; 阿爾貝特·愛因斯坦; 艾爾伯特·愛因斯坦; 愛爾伯特·愛因斯坦; 阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦; 爱因斯坦; 爱恩斯坦; 艾因斯坦; 爱恩思坦; 爱因思坦; 愛因斯坦; 愛恩斯坦; 愛恩思坦; 愛因思坦; 爱因斯坦，A.; Einstein; Einstein; A. Einstein; איינשטיין, אלבערט,; Albert Einstein; Альберт Эйнштейн; 愛因斯坦; 阿爾貝特·愛因斯坦; 愛恩斯坦; 艾爾伯特·愛因斯坦; 愛爾伯特·愛因斯坦; 艾因斯坦; 愛恩思坦; 愛因思坦; 亞伯特·愛因斯坦; आइंस्टीन; आइंस्टीन,अल्बर्ट; 아인슈타인; 알버트 아인슈타인; Albert Eynshteyn; Alberto Ejnŝtejno; Ejnŝtejno; إينشطاين; अलबर्ट आइन्स्टीन; अलबर्ट आइन्स्टाइन; अल्बर्ट आइंस्टाइन; आइन्स्टीन; आइंस्टीन; আইনস্টাইন; Einstein; Einstein; A. Einstein; Альбэрт Эйнштэйн; 爱因斯坦; 阿尔贝特·爱因斯坦; 爱恩斯坦; 艾尔伯特·爱因斯坦; 爱尔伯特·爱因斯坦; 艾因斯坦; 爱恩思坦; 爱因思坦; Альберт Эйнштейн; ཨེན་སི་ཐན།; Einstein; Einstein; Einstein; Einstein; Einstein, Albert; A. Einstein; Eýnşteýn; Einšteins; Einstein; Einstein; Einstein; Einstein, Albert; A. Einstein; Einstein; A. Einstein; Einstein; Einstein, Albert; A. Einstein; 爱因斯坦; Einstein; A. Einstein; Einstein Albert; Einstein; Einstein; 阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦; 艾爾特·愛因斯坦; Einstein; Einstein; Einstein, Albert; A. Einstein; Einstein; ئالبێرت ئاینیشتاین; ئەلبێرت ئاینیشتاین; ئەلبێرت ئەنشتاین; ئاینیشتاین; ئانیشتاین; ئەنیشتاین; ئەینیشتاین; ئەنشتاین; إنشتاين; أينشتاين; أينشتاين; Αλβέρτος Αϊνστάιν; Αϊνστάιν; အိုင်းစတိုင်း</nowiki>

Portraits[edit]

The oldest picture of Einstein
Albert Einstein with friends Habicht and Solovine, ca. 1903
Crop of Albert Einstein at the first Solvay Conference, 1911.
Second Solvay Conference on Physics, Brussels, 1913.
Albert Einstein, painted by Erich Büttner, 1917
Einstein, photo from 1920
Etching by Hermann Struck, 1920.
with Paul Ehrenfest, 1920
Einstein, photo from 1921
Einstein portrait
Einstein in 1921 (cropped)
Nobel Prize photo, 1921
Einstein and "leaders of the World Zionist Organization" from 1921
Albert Einstein with his wife Elsa Einstein and other Zionist leaders, Menachem Ussishkin, Chaim Weizmann, Mrs. Weizmann, and Ben-Zion Mossinson on arrival in New York, 1921.
Etching by Hermann Struck, 1923.

In 1947 (full original pic)
In 1947 (full)
In 1947 (cropped, facing left)
1947 (cropped, facing right)
1947 (cropped, rework)
Einstein with Robert Oppenheimer
Solvay Conference 1927
Sixth Solvay Conference on Physics, Brussels, 1930.
Tour of the New Brunswick, N.J. Marconi Wireless Station with other scientists, 1921
Einstein, by Doris Ulmann (1931)
U.S. citizenship, 1940
Einstein in his later years
Einstein with his wife Elsa

With Paul Ehrenfest[edit]

Einstein and Ehrenfest visiting Pieter Zeeman in Amsterdam (around 1920)
Einstein at the home of Leiden physics professor Paul Ehrenfest, 1920. On his lap is Paul Ehrenfest, Jr.
Albert Einstein and Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, photographed by Ehrenfest in front of his home in Leiden in 1921.