Alexandra Fyodorovna of Hesse

**Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)**
	Empress consort of Russia (1872–1918)
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Date of birth	6 June 1872; Darmstadt; Alix Viktoria Helene Luise Beatrix
Date of death	17 July 1918; Yekaterinburg
Manner of death	homicide (execution of the Romanov family);
Cause of death	gunshot wound (execution of the Romanov family);
Place of burial	Peter and Paul Cathedral; St. Catherine's Chapel; Saint Petersburg;
Country of citizenship	Russian Empire; German Reich;
Residence	Alexander Palace;
Occupation	consort; regent; painter; nurse;
Position held	Consort of Russia (1894–1917); Grand Mistress of the Order of Saint Catherine (1894–1918);
Noble title	princess (Hesse); princess (Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt); Grand Duchess; Empress; Empress consort of Russia;
Significant event	Wedding of Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna (Grand Church of the Winter Palace, 1894); engagement (Coburg, Nicholas II of Russia, 1894); coronation of Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna (1896); execution of the Romanov family (1918);
Family	House of Hesse-Darmstadt;
Father	Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse;
Mother	Princess Alice of the United Kingdom;
Sibling	Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine (elder sister); Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine (elder sister); Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine (elder sister); Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (elder brother); Prince Friedrich of Hesse and by Rhine (elder brother); Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (younger sister);
Child	Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia; Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia; Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia; Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia; Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia;
Spouse	Nicholas II of Russia (1894–1918);
Relative	Victoria (maternal grandmother);
Work location	Tsarskoye Selo;
Award received	Order of St. Andrew; Order of Saint Catherine; Royal Order of Victoria and Albert; Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky; Order of Theresa; Knight of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky; Queen Victoria Diamond Jubilee Medal; Dame of the Order of Queen Maria Luisa (1896);
Authority file
	Q152094; ISNI: 0000000121266842; VIAF cluster ID: 32018530; GND ID: 118648047; Library of Congress Authorities ID: n79065458; Bibliothèque nationale de France ID: 120635881; IdRef ID: 028894901; Libraries Australia ID: 36159890; NL CR AUT ID: jn20000700025; SELIBR ID: 211021; National Library of Israel ID (old): 000008503; Nationale Thesaurus voor Auteursnamen ID: 069109133; BIBSYS ID: 90862900; NUKAT ID: n97067007; U.S. National Archives Identifier: 10582468; NLP ID: a0000001184406; Libris-URI: hftwxth101m5qb3; National Library of Poland MMS ID: 9810659354105606; J9U entity ID: 987007257510205171; NACSIS-CAT author ID: DA02102635; SBN author ID: MILV231571; Open Library ID: OL388417A; IMDb ID: nm0874746
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<nowiki>Alejandra Fiódorovna Románova; Александра Фьодоровна; Alix de Hessa-Darmstadt; 亞歷山德拉·費奧多羅芙娜皇后; Alexandra av Hessen; Олександра Федорівна; Александра Фёдоровна (ҳамсари Николайи II); 亚历山德拉·费奥多罗芙娜皇后; 알렉산드라 표도로브나; Alix de Hesio-Darmstadt; Alexandra Fjodorovna Ruská; Alix de Hesse-Darmstadt; Alexandra Feodorovna; Aleksandra Fjodorovna; अलेक्झांड्रा, रशिया; Alix của Hessen và Rhein; Aleksandra Fjodorovna (Nikolaja II sieva); Prinses Alix van Hesse-Darmstadt; Александра Фјодоровна; Alexandra Feodorovna; 亚历山德拉·费奥多罗芙娜皇后; Alexandra av Hessen-Darmstadt; Alexandra av Hessen-Darmstadt; Aleksandra Fyodorovna; Aleksandra Födor qızı; ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡ್ರಾ ಫ್ಯೋಡೊರೊವ್ನ್ ರೂಸಾ; Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse); ألكسندرا فيودوروفنا; Alix von Hessen-Darmstadt; 亞歷山德拉·費奧多羅芙娜; Hesseni Alekszandra Fjodorovna orosz cárné; Alexandra Feodorovna; Alexandra Fiódorovna Románova; Александра Фёдоровна; Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix o Hesse); Александра Фёдоровна (Николай II зуда); Alexandra Feodorovna; آلکساندرا فیودوروفنا; 亚历山德拉·费奥多罗芙娜皇后; Alexandra Feodorovna; ალექსანდრა თედორეს ასული; アレクサンドラ・フョードロヴナ; الكسندرا فيودوروفنا; אלכסנדרה, נסיכת הסן; Alexandra Theodori filia; Aleksandra Fjodorovna; Aleksandra Fyodorovna (Nikolay II nıń hayalı); Aleksandra Fëdorovna Romanova; Alexandra Feodorovna; Aleksandra Fjodorovna; 亚历山德拉·费奥多罗芙娜皇后; Alexandra Feodorovna; Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix o Hesse); Aleksandra Fyodorovna; Ալեքսանդրա Ֆեոդորովնա; Александра Фёдоровна (Николай II арăмĕ); Aleksandra Fjodorovna; Aleksandra wa Hesse; 亞歷山德拉·費奧多羅芙娜皇后; الیگزینڈرا فیوڈورؤنا روسا; Alexandra de Hessen-Darmstadt; Alexandra Fyodorovna rusa; آلکساندرا فیدوروفن; Alix von Hessen-Darmstadt; Александра Фјодоровна; จักรพรรดินีอเล็กซานดรา เฟโอโดรอฟนา แห่งรัสเซีย; Aleksandra Fiodorowna; Александра Фјодоровна; Alix van Hessen-Darmstadt; Аляксандра Фёдараўна; Alix af Hessen og ved Rhinen; Aleksandra Fyodorovna; Alexandra Fiodorovna; Alexandra Fiodorovna Romanova; 亞歷山德拉·費奧多羅芙娜皇后; Αλεξάνδρα Φιόντροβνα; Alexandra Feodorovna; emperatriz consorte de Rusia (1872-1918); orosz cárné; zarina de Rusia, esposa de Nicolás II de Rusia; российская императрица, супруга Николая II; cymar; همسر نیکلای دوم و واپسین تزارین روس; 俄羅斯尼古拉二世的妻子; Kejserinde af Rusland; Rus İmparatoriçesi (Çariçe); ニコライ2世の皇后。ロシア皇后・フィンランド大公妃。ラスプーチンの熱心な信者でパトロン。正教会で聖人（新致命者）。; قديسه ارثوذكسيه شرقيه من امبراطوريه المانيا; אחותה של אלכסהדרה היא אליזבת נסיכת הסן (יליזבטה פיודורבנה ) שהיא נרצחה אחריי אלכסנדרה; 俄羅斯帝國皇后; Venäjän keisarinna; lasta caredzino de Rusio; manželka Mikuláše II., ruská imperátorka; آخر زوجة إمبراطور لروسيا القيصرية; ultima imperatrice consorte di Russia, santa russa ortodossa; dernière impératrice consort de Russie; garwane lan permaisuri Nicholas II saka Rusia; रशियाच्या निकोलस दुसरा ची पत्नी; vợ Nikolai II của Nga; руска царица; tsaritsa av Ryssland 1894–1917 och maka till Nikolaj II; durch Heirat letzte Kaiserin von Russland; împărăteasă consortă a Rusiei din 1894 până în 1918 (1872–1918); istri dan permaisuri Nicholas II dari Rusia; caryca Rosji, żona Mikołaja II; gift med tsar Nikolai II av Russland; Keizerin van Rusland (1872-1918); Emperadriu de Rússia (1872-1918); Princesa de Hesse e Reno e última Imperatriz consorte da Rússia (1894–1917); พระมเหสีในจักรพรรดินิโคลัสที่2 แห่งรัสเซีย; ruská cárovná; Empress consort of Russia (1872–1918); آخر زوجة إمبراطور لروسيا القيصرية; Τσαρίνα της Ρωσίας, σύζυγος του τσάρου Νικόλαου Β΄; 러시아 제국의 니콜라이 2세의 황후; Alix von Hessen-Darmstadt; Alejandra Fiodorovna Romanova; Alix de Hesse-Darmstadt; Alejandra Fiodórovna Románova; Alexandra Feodorovna Románova; Alix de hesse et du rhin; Alexandra de Hesse-Darmstadt; Alice de Hesse-Darmstadt; Alix de Hesse; Aleksandra Fyodorovna; Victoria Alix Helena Louise Beatrice; Aleksandra Fjodorowna van Rusland; Aleksandra Fjodorowna; Alix von Hessen-Darmstadt; Alexandra de Hesse-Darmstadt; Романова, Александра Фёдоровна; Романова Александра Фёдоровна; Александра Романова; Александра Феодоровна, супруга Николая II; Александра Федоровна Романова; Александра Фёдоровна Романова; Императрица Александра Федоровна; Романова, Александра Федоровна; Алиса Гессен-Дармштадтская; Царица Александра Феодоровна; Alexandra Fjodorovna Hesensko-Darmstadtská; Alix Hesensko-Darmstadtská; Alix Hesenská; Alexandra Fedorovna; Alice von Hessen-Darmstadt; Alexandra von Hessen-Darmstadt; Santa Alexandra Feodorovna; Alexandra de Hesse; Santa Alexandra; Alexandra de Hessen-Darmstadt; Alexandra Fedorovna; Аляксандра Фёдараўна, імператрыца расійская; жонка Мікалая II Аляксандра Фёдараўна; ซารินาอเล็กซานดรา เฟโอโดรอฟนาแห่งรัสเซีย; สมเด็จพระจักรพรรดินีอเล็กซานดรา เฟโอโดรอฟนาแห่งรัสเซีย; สมเด็จพระจักรพรรดินีอเล็กซานดรา เฟโอโดรอฟนา; จักรพรรดินีอเล็กซานดรา เฟโอโดรอฟนาแห่งรัสเซีย; พระจักรพรรดินีอเล็กซานดรา เฟโอโดรอฟนาแห่งรัสเซีย; 亚力山德拉·费奥多罗芙娜皇后; Света Александра Фјодоровна; Aleaxandra de Hesse; Alexandra Fyodorovna; Alexandra Fedorovna de Hesse; Alix de Hesse-Darmstadt; Alexandra Fiodorovna de Hesse; Alexandra de Hesse; Ţarina Alexandra Feodorovna; Alexandra Feodorovna de Hesse; Alexandra Feodorovna; Țarina Alexandra Feodorovna; Alexandra de Hesse-Darmstadt; Alix de Hesse; アレクサンドラ・フォン・ヘッセン＝ダルムシュタット; ヘッセン大公女アリックス; ヴィクトリア・アリックス・ヘレナ・ルイーゼ・ベアトリーツェ; Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine; Princess Alix Viktoria Helene Luise Beatrix of Hesse and by Rhine; Saint Alexandra Romanova; Alix Viktoria Helene Luise Beatrix; Alice Victoria Helena Louise Beatrice; Princess Alix Victoria Helena Louise Beatrice of Hesse and by Rhine; Alix of Hesse; Alix of Hesse and Rhine; Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova; Saint Alexandra the Passion Bearer; Empress Alexandra; Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia; Alexandra Feodorovna Románova; Alexandra Feodorovna; Aleksandra Fyodorovna; Aleksandra Fiodorowna Romanowa; Alexandra von Hessen-Darmstadt; Alice van Hessen; Victoria Alix Helena Louise Beatrice van Hessen-Darmstadt; Alexandra van Hessen-Darmstadt; 황후 알렉산드라; 헤센의 알릭스; Alix af Hessen; Alix af Hessen-Darmstadt; Alexandra Fjodorovna af Rusland; Alexandra af Hessen; Aleksandra Fjodorovna; Alessandra d'Assia-Darmstadt; Alessandra Fjodorovna; Alexandra di Russia; Alessandra di Hesse; Alessandra d'Assia; Alexandra Federovna; Alessandra d'Assia e del Reno; Alessandra Feodorovna; Keisarinna Aleksandra; Aleksandra Fjodorovna nuorempi; Alix; Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova; Alexandra Fjodorovna Romanov; Alexandra Fyodorovna; Alexandra Fjodorovna; Alexandra Fjodorovna Romanova; Αλεξάνδρα Φιοντόροβνα; Alexandra Feodorovna; Alix của Hessen; Aleksandra Fyodorovna</nowiki>

Deutsch: Prinzessin Alix von Hessen und bei Rhein (Alix Victoria Helena Louise Beatrice) (* 25. April 1872 in Darmstadt; † 16. Juli 1918 in Jekaterinburg) war verheiratet mit dem Zaren Nikolaus II. und war als Alexandra Fjodorowna letzte Zarin (Zaritsa) von Russland.

English: Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna of Russia (Alexandra Fyodorovna Romanova (Russian: Императрица Александра Фёдоровна Романова), born Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine (German: Alix Viktoria Helene Luise Beatrice Prinzessin von Hessen und bei Rhein) 7 June 1872 – 17 July 1918, was Empress consort of Nicholas II, the last Tsar of the Russian Empire.

Русский: Алекса́ндра Фёдоровна (6 июня 1872—17 июля 1918) - российская императрица (урождённая принцесса Аликс Виктория Елена Луиза Беатрис Гессен-Дармштадтская), жена Николая II (c 1894 г.).

Portraits

Paintings

Alix of Hesse, by Georg Koberwein, 1874
Princess Alix of Hesse, later Alexandra Feodorovna, Tsarina of Russia (1872-1918), when a child, by Sydney Prior Hall, 1882
Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia, born Princess Alix of Hessen and by Rhine in Russian court gown, by Ilya Savich Galkin, 1894
Wedding of Nicholas II and Grand Princess Alexandra Fyodorovna, by Laurits Tuxen, 1895
Portrait by Albert von Keller, 1896
Alexandra Feodorovna, Tsarina of Russia (1872-1918), by Heinrich von Angeli, 1896/1897
The Tsar and His Family, by Elena Samokysh-Sudkovskaya, 1902
Portrait by Alexander Makovski, 1903
Portrait by Nikolai Kornilievich Bodarevsky, Tsarskoe Selo, 1907
Portrait by Alexander Makovski, 1914

Photographs

Only Alexandra

1875
1881
1887
1887
1889
1892
1893
1894
1894
1894; in her wedding dress
1898
1899
1900
1901
1908
ca. 1909
1911
1914
1917

Alexandra Feodorovna and Nicholas II

Official engagement photo (April 1894)
April 1894
August 1894
1896
Wearing historical dynastic suits of czar Alexei Mikhailovich I and czarina Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaia during a fancy dress ball in Saint Petersburg (1903)
Aboard the Standart at Reval, Russia (now Tallinn, Estonia)
(June 1908)
Nicholas II and Alexandra on a walk with their dog near the palace in the Alexander Park at Tsarskoe Selo (1910)
Last known photograph of Nicholas and Alexandra, taken at the Governor's House in Tobolsk
(September 1917)

Alexandra Feodorovna and Nicholas II with their children

With their eldest child, Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (1896)
With their daughters Grand Duchesses Olga and Tatiana Nikolaevna (1898)
With their daughters Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, and Maria Nikolaevna (1899)
Tsarina Alexandra with Olga, Tatiana, and Maria (1900)
Tsarina Alexandra with her youngest daughter, Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna (1901)
With their daughters: Olga, Tatiana, Maria, and Anastasia at Peterhof
(16 August 1901)
With their children: Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexei on the occasion of Tsarevich Alexei's christening
(3 September 1904)
Tsarina Alexandra with her son, Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia (1904/1905)
Tsarina Alexandra with her son, Alexei (1906)
The Tsar and Tsarina with their children (1906)
The Russian Imperial Family aboard the Imperial yacht Standart (ca. 1906)
Tsarina Alexandra with her daughters in front of the Lower dacha in Peterhof
(ca. 1908)
With their eldest child, Olga (1909)
Tsarina Alexandra with her three youngest children: Anastasia, Alexei, and Maria (1909)
Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra and their children at breakfast after partaking of the Holy Mysteries at Livadia Palace (1909)
Tsarina Alexandra with Olga and Anastasia
(ca. 1910)
With their children in the Alexander Park at Tsarskoe Selo (1910)
With Alexei on her balcony at Tsarskoe Selo (1911)
Tsarina Alexandra with Maria aboard the Standart (1912)
Tsarina Alexandra and Tsarevich Alexei (1913)
Tsarina Alexandra and Tatiana (1913)
The Russian Imperial Family (1913)
The Russian Imperial Family (1913)
Tsarina Alexandra with her daughters on an official visit (1916)
With their son, Tsarevich Alexei, at Tsarskoe Selo (ca. 1916)
Alexandra with her daughters Olga and Tatiana on the balcony of the Governor’s Mansion in captivity at Tobolsk
(Spring 1918)

Alexandra with other family

Prince and Princess Louis of Hesse and by Rhine (later Grand Duke and Grand Duchess of Hesse) with their children: Princess Victoria, Princess Elisabeth, Princess Irene, Prince Ernest Louis, Princess Alix, and Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (May 1875)
Princess Alice with her surviving children: Princess Elisabeth, Princess Victoria, Princess Irene, Prince Ernest Louis, Princess Alix, and Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine
(ca. 1876)
With her younger sister, Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine
(May 1878)
With her surviving siblings: Princess Irene, seated; Ernest Louis, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse, standing; Princess Marie, seated; Princess Elizabeth, standing behind writing desk; Princess Victoria, seated at writing desk
(July 1878)
With her surviving sisters, Victoria, Elizabeth, and Irene, as they grieve for their mother
(February 1879)
With her maternal grandmother Queen Victoria; father Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse; and her surviving siblings Princess Victoria, Ernest Louis, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse, Princess Irene, and Princess Elizabeth
(February 1879)
With her maternal uncle Prince Leopold of the United Kingdom (later Duke of Albany)
(1 February 1879)
"The Four Graces": Princesses Irene, Victoria, Elizabeth, and Alix of Hesse and by Rhine (April 1885)
Group photograph at the wedding of The Princess Beatrice and Prince Henry of Battenberg at Osborne House
(23 July 1885)
Group photograph at Osborne House
(July 1885)
With her sister Princess Irene and their cousins Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein; Charlotte, Hereditary Princess of Saxe-Meiningen; and Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein (1885)
With her cousin and future brother-in-law Prince Louis of Battenberg (later Louis Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven) (1887)
The Hessian siblings in mourning for their father: Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse; Princess Louis of Battenberg; Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna of Russia; Princess Henry of Prussia; and Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine (1892)
Queen Victoria surrounded by her family at Coburg, following the wedding of Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse and Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
(21 April 1894)
Guests of Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine at Neues Palais in Darmstadt; Top Row: Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsarevich of Russia (later Nicholas II of Russia), Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine (later Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia), Princess Louis of Battenberg and Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse; Bottom Row: Princess Henry of Prussia; Grand Duchess Elizaveta Feodorovna of Russia; Victoria Melita, Grand Duchess of Hesse; and Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia
(21 April 1894)
Tsarina Alexandra holding her daughter Grand Duchess Olga, alongside her husband Nicholas II of Russia, her maternal grandmother Queen Victoria, and maternal uncle Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (later Edward VII) at Balmoral Castle
(29 September 1896)
Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna of Russia with her son Nicholas II of Russia, daughter-in-law Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, daughters Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia and Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia as well as granddaughters Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia and Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia (1896)
Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna (Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich's daughter), Grand Duchess Marie Pavlovna of Russia (Vladimir's wife), and Nicholas II, all in mourning for the death of Nicholas's brother Grand Duke George (1899)
With her husband Nicholas II and sister Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna of Russia (ca. 1900)
Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse, with his sisters and brothers-in-law on the occasion of the wedding of Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark and Princess Alice of Battenberg in Darmstadt
(8 October 1903)
With her children, sister-in-law Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna, and cousin Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom aboard the Standart, at Reval, Russia (now Tallinn, Estonia)
(June 1908)
Royal Gathering at Osborne; (l-r) Prince Edward of Wales (later Edward VIII), The Princess of Wales (later Queen Mary), Queen Alexandra, Princess Mary of Wales (later Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood), Nicholas II of Russia, The Princess Victoria, Tsarevitch Alexei, Edward VII, Grand Duchess Olga, Grand Duchess Anastasia, Tsarina Alexandra, Grand Duchess Tatiana, The Prince of Wales (later George V), and Grand Duchess Maria
(4 August 1909)
Russian and Hessian family group at Schloss Wolfsgarten (1910)
The Russian Imperial Family before World War I
(27 June 1914)

Alexandra with foreign royalty and officials

With Nicholas II and German A. Tobisen at the Chapel of the Holy Face of Our Saviour in Birky (1900)
The Russian Imperial Family with the Romanian Royal Family in Constanța, Romania
(June 1914)

Alexandra with others

Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna with the Lifeguard Finland Regiment
(12 December 1905)
With Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna and lady-in-waiting Anna Vyrubova on the Finnish skerries, Paatio island in Virolahti (ca. 1908)
Empress Alexandra Feodorovna with Grigori Rasputin, her children, and a governess (1908)
The court hospital in Tsarskoe Selo (Olga, Tsarina Alexandra, and Tatiana center) (ca. 1915)
Nursing with surgeon Vera Gedroitz during World War I (1915)
Alexandra, Tatiana, and Anastasia, alongside soldiers (including Nikolay Demenkov) (1916)
With Nicholas II, Olga, and aide-de-camp Captain Nikolai Sablin boating on the Dnieper River near Mogilev
(30 September 1916)