Category:Ahmad Jalayir

Ahmad Jalayir 

Jalayirid Sultan from 1382 to 1410 Princely couple. Anthology of poet Maruf Baghdadi, created for Ahmad Jalayir
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Name in native language	قياس الدين سلطان أحمد بهادير
Date of birth	1382
Date of death	31 August 1410 (statement with Gregorian date earlier than 1584) Tabriz
Cause of death	strangling
Country of citizenship	Jalayirid Sultanate
Occupation	poet monarch politician writer calligrapher astronomer patron of the arts
Field of work	politics literature astronomy arts
Family	Jalayirid Sultanate
Father	Shaykh Uways Jalayir
Sibling	Shaikh Hasan Jalayir Husain Bayazid Tandu Khatun
Child	Ala al-Dawla ibn Ahmad
Authority file  Q1070476 Open Library ID: OL1489763A Reasonator Scholia Wikidocumentaries PetScan statistics WikiMap Locator tool KML file Search depicted

Sultan Ahmad Jalayir (سلطان احمد جلایر) was the last major ruler of the Jalayirid Sultanate (ruled 1382–1410).

• Ahmad Jalayir was driven out from Tabriz by Timur in 1386. "In 1392 the “fief of Hülegü” (tak̲h̲t-i Hūlāgū), consisting of Ād̲h̲arbāyd̲j̲ān. al-Rayy, Gīlān, S̲h̲īrwān, Darband and the lands of Asia Minor, was granted to Mīrān S̲h̲āh (ibid., ii, 623) and Tabrīz became the capital of this territory. Three years later, this prince became insane and committed a series of insensate actions (execution of innocent people, destruction of buildings; ibid., ii, 200, 213, and Browne, op. cit, iii, 71). Tīmūr immediately on his return from India set out for Ād̲h̲arbāyd̲j̲ān in 802/1399-1400 and executed those who shared in Mīrān S̲h̲āh’s debauches." in Tabrīz in Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Online (EI-2 English) Authors: V. Minorsky, C.E. Bosworth and Sheila S. Blair
• After 1386, Ahmad Jalayir was essentially based in Baghdad.
• Qara Yusuf took control of Tabriz from 1406 after defeating the Timurid Mīrān S̲h̲āh at the Battle of Sardarūd. In 1406-1410, Ahmad sporadically attempted to retake control of Tabriz for himself: "In 809/1406-7 the latter [ S̲h̲ayk̲h̲ Ibrāhīm of S̲h̲īrwān ] handed over Tabrīz to Aḥmad Ḏj̲alāyir as to its true sovereign and the inhabitants showed great joy on this occasion" (...) "... when Ḳara Yūsuf was absent in Armenia, he [Aḥmad Ḏj̲alāyir] occupied Tabrīz. Aḥmad was finally defeated in battle (28 Rabīʿ II 813/30 August 1410). He was executed by Ḳara Yūsuf and buried in the Dimis̲h̲ḳiyya beside his father and mother." in Tabrīz in Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Online (EI-2 English) Authors: V. Minorsky, C.E. Bosworth and Sheila S. Blair
• "No manuscript of the Shāhnāma from Sultan Ahmad's library has survived, but evidence that he commissioned one is given by Dust Muhammad who, in his treatise, relates that artists taken from Tabriz to Herat circa 1420, were ordered by their new patron Bäysunghur (d. 1433) to produce a book like the 'War of Sultan Ahmad of Baghdad'. It can be deduced from this that the 'war' book was a Shahnama, for the main theme running through that entire work is the war between the Iranians and the Turanians. (...) Two other manuscripts surviving from the time of Sultan Ahmad's patronage are in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris. The earlier of the two is a copy of the 'Aja'ib al-Makhlūgāt (Wonders of Creation) dated Baghdad, 1388 (BN Supp. Pers. 332) and the other is a manuscript of the fables of Bīdpāy, Kalila va Dimna dated Baghdad, 1392 (BN Supp. Pers. 913). The Khvājū Kirmanî manuscript of 1396 (Add. 18113) is only four years later than the Paris Kalīla va Dimna which is still in the comparatively simple style of the British Library's Khamsa of Nizāmī (PLATE 2) and nothing has survived from the interim years to demonstrate the stages by which the splendid full-page Khvājū Kirmānī illustrations were evolved. They are probably all by the artist Junayd of Baghdad, an attribution to whom (and also to Sultan Ahmad) appears in an inscription on one of the paintings (folio 45b). According to Dust Muhammad, Junayd was a pupil of the artist Shams al-Din who worked under the patronage of Uvays (d. 1374); otherwise nothing is known of Junayd himself." Persian miniature painting and its influence on the art of Turkey and India : the British Library collections by Titley, Norah M, p.28