File:A text-book of human physiology (1906) (14770206922).jpg

Identifier: textbookofhumanp00tige (find matches)
Title: A text-book of human physiology
Year: 1906 (1900s)
Authors: Tigerstedt, Robert, 1853-1923 Murlin, John R. (John Raymond), b. 1874, tr
Subjects: Physiology
Publisher: New York and London, D. Appleton and Co.
Contributing Library: Columbia University Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons

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liarp demarcations between the cortical areas fordifferent groups of muscles, in the orang-outang the cortical areas for themain divisions of the body are separated by regions which are inexcitable. 638 PHYSIOLOGY OF THE CEREBRUM While the isolation of smaller areas within any larger area, as of the arm orthe leg. is not so marked as this localization of group areas, it is neverthelessmuch sharper than it is in the monkeys; for when contraction is induced bystimulation of a definite point, it is as a rule confined to one definite groupof muscles and does not spread as in the monkeys to all or most of the musclesof the same member. For purposes of diagnosis the exposed cerebral cortex of man (Figs. 289and 290) has in rare cases been stimulated electrically, and results have beenobtained which in general agree with observations based on cortical lesions,as well as Avith the above-described results on the manlike apes. The motor Toes^Ankle Anus & VaginaSulcus Abdomen centralis Thorax
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Shoulder -ElbowWrist Finger &Thumb Eyes ■ Sulcus centralis NoseClosing mouth Opening j Mastication ., l^ocal cords mouth Pig. 288.—The motor cortical areas of the chimpanzee, after Sherrington and Greenbaum. Theextent of the motor zone is indicated in black. The red arrows indicate the region in whichthe special areas are to be found. cortical zone of man probal))y consists therefore of the anterior central con-volution, the posterior part of the frontal convolutions and the paracentrallohule. Within this zone the areas for lateral movements of the head andeyes are located in the posterior part of the second frontal convolution; theface musculature is represented in the lower part of the anterior central eon-volution, the muscles of the upper extremity in the middle part, and thoseof the lower extremity in the upper part. The paracentral lobule in eachhemisphere (Fig. 290) seems to be associated with both opposite extremities.Above the cortical area for the upper extremity is

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