File:An American text-book of obstetrics. For practitioners and students (1897) (14581519429).jpg

Identifier: americantextbook00norr (find matches)
Title: An American text-book of obstetrics. For practitioners and students
Year: 1897 (1890s)
Authors: Norris, Richard C. (Richard Cooper), 1863-1937 Dickinson, Robert Latou, 1861-
Subjects: Obstetrics Obstetrics
Publisher: Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders
Contributing Library: Yale University, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons and Yale University, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library

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rd and inward or upward and out-ward, analogous to the situation of the nipples in the lower animals. Bruce75found supernumerary nipples relatively frequent among women—4.8 per cent.in 104 women. Amazia, or congenital absence of one or of both breasts, is an extremelyrare anomaly. According to Delbert, the absence of one breast has beenobserved only in women, and the absence of both breasts occurs only in mon-sters having usually other deformities incompatible with life. Micromazia, or small breast, which is a defect very much more frequentthan amazia, is sometimes associated with an infantile uterus. Polymazia, or supernumerary mammary glands, is an anomaly more fre-quent than amazia. The multiple breasts may vary from a small nodule ofglandular tissue to a fully-developed breast capable of nourishing an infant.Although sometimes situated in the axilla, on the back, or on the thigh, theglands are commonly seated upon the anterior wall of the chest. DISEASES OF THE BEEAST. Plate 47.
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Diseases of the Nipple: Erosion of the nipple (from a photograph). PATHOLOGY OF THE PUERPERIUM. 747 5. Disease of the Nipples. Sore Nipples.—Under the term sore nipples is usually described agroup of inflammatory conditions of the nipple varying in severity from asimple yet painful erythema to erosions, ulcers, and fissures that may occasionso great distress as absolutely to contra-indicate nursing. Clinically, sore nip-ples are of the greatest importance on account of their close relation to mastitisand mammary abscess. When the irritation of the nipple passes beyond simpleerythema, the epithelium is denuded at one or more points, leaving the under-lying papillae unprotected. Within a few hours there is likely to appear anerosion (PI. 47) situated most often upon the apex of the nipple, next in fre-quency upon the sides, and least frequently at the base of the nipple. If atthis time proper curative treatment is neglected, the erosions are often con-verted into fissures. When the na

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