File:Clinical-presentation-auscultation-recordings-ultrasonographic-findings-and-treatment-response-of-2046-0481-66-5-S5.ogv

English: Video recording 3. The cow calved unaided two months previously. Appetite is markedly reduced and the cow refuses the concentrate component of the ration. The flanks are very sunken suggesting a reduced appetite. Milk production has ceased. The rectal temperature is 38.5°C. The cow is dull and depressed and often stands with the neck extended and the head held lowered. There is occasional coughing. A muco-purulent nasal discharge is present intermittently. The respiratory rate is increased to 48 breaths per minute with an abdominal effort. There are severe injection site reactions in the left hip region where the cow has been injected by the farmer. As the probe head is advanced ventrally from normal lung tissue present in the dorsal lung field (bright hyperechoic [white] line moving in time with respiration), the first ultrasonographic change in lung parenchyma is the pronounced columnar irregularity of the hyperechoic linear echo of the normal visceral (pulmonary) pleura in the antero-ventral apical and cardiac lung lobes. The dorsal margin of the lung pathology commenced 10 cm above the point of the elbow at the 6th and 7th intercostal spaces and extended from this level to the ventral margin of the lung lobes. These hypoechoic “columns” extended up to 8 cm from the visceral pleura and were bordered distally by bright hyperechoic lines as the sound waves contacted either normal aerated tissue or smaller airways deeper within the lung tissue. Ventrally, ultrasonographic examination imaged the diseased lung as a large hypoechoic area containing multiple 5–20 mm wide hyperechoic lines which extended up to 8 cm into the lung parenchyma. Diseased lung had the sonographic density of liver. Please view video recording 4 to view the cow after treatment.