Ilex aquifolium

APG IV Classification: Domain: Eukaryota • (unranked): Archaeplastida • Regnum: Plantae • Cladus: angiosperms • Cladus: eudicots • Cladus: core eudicots • Cladus: superasterids • Cladus: asterids • Cladus: euasterids II • Ordo: Aquifoliales • Familia: Aquifoliaceae • Genus: Ilex • Species: Ilex aquifolium L.

Wikispecies has an entry on:

Ilex aquifolium

 Synonyms

Aquifolium ilex Scop., 1771
Aquifolium spinosum Lam., 1779
Aquifolium vulgare St.-Lag., 1889
Ilex aquifolium f. argenteomarginata Beissn.
Ilex aquifolium f. aureomarginata Beissn.
Ilex aquifolium f. bacciflava (Weston) Rehder
Ilex aquifolium f. heterophylla (Aiton) Loes.
Ilex aquifolium var. balearica (Desf.) Loes., 1901
Ilex aquifolium var. chrysocarpa Loes., 1901
Ilex aquifolium var. heterophylla Aiton, 1789
Ilex balearica Desf., 1809
Ilex heterophylla (Aiton) G.Don, 1832
Ilex sempervirens Salisb., 1796
Ilex vulgaris Gray, 1821

 Vernacular names [edit wikidata 'Ilex aquifolium']

• English: English holly, holly, European Holly
• aragonés: Cardonera
• العربية: بهشية مائية الأوراق
• مصرى: بهشيه مائية الاوراق
• asturianu: carrascu
• azərbaycanca: Şişyarpaq şümşə
• беларуская (тарашкевіца): падуб востралісны
• brezhoneg: Kelenn
• bosanski: Božikovina
• català: Grèvol
• corsu: Caracutu
• čeština: cesmína ostrolistá
• Cymraeg: Celyn
• dansk: Almindelig Kristtorn
• Deutsch: Europäische Stechpalme, Stechpalme
• Esperanto: Ordinara ilekso
• español: Acebo
• eesti: Teravalehine iileks
• euskara: Gorosti
• فارسی: خاس کریسمس
• suomi: Orjanlaakeri
• français: Houx commun
• galego: Acivro
• hrvatski: Obična božikovina, Božika
• magyar: Közönséges magyal
• հայերեն: Սղոցի սովորական
• Ido: Ilexo
• íslenska: Kristþyrnir
• italiano: Agrifoglio
• 日本語: セイヨウヒイラギ
• Taqbaylit: Irṣel
• Limburgs: Huls
• lietuvių: Dygialapis bugienis
• македонски: божиковина
• norsk bokmål: kristtorn
• Nederlands: Hulst, hulst
• norsk nynorsk: Kristtorn
• norsk: Kristtorn
• occitan: Grefol, Houx
• polski: Ostrokrzew kolczasty
• português: azevinho
• Runa Simi: Asiwu
• русский: Падуб остролистный
• sardu: Olostriche
• slovenčina: cezmína ostrolistá
• slovenščina: Navadna bodika
• Seeltersk: Dulle-Huunde
• svenska: Järnek
• українська: Падуб звичайний
• 粵語: Houx
• Zeêuws: 'Ulst
• 中文: 枸骨叶冬青, 歐洲冬青
• 中文（中国大陆）: 欧洲冬青
• 中文（简体）: 欧洲冬青
• 中文（繁體）: 歐洲冬青
• 中文（香港）: 歐洲冬青
• 中文（新加坡）: 欧洲冬青
• 中文（臺灣）: 歐洲冬青

• Ilex aquifolium at the Euro+Med PlantBase
• GRIN link : Ilex aquifolium L.

Photos

Trees

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Leaves

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  two leaves from different heights of growth

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  (nl:getand blad)

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Leaf variability

Leaf A to E are taken from one and the same tree

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  Leaf A

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  Leaf B

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  Leaf C

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  Leaf D

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  Leaf E

Skeletonized leaf

Flowers

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  Flower buds

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  Female flowers

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  Flower buds

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  flowers; male above, female below

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  Female flowers

Weibliche Blüten

Immature fruit

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  July

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Mature fruit

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  A Navès (Solsonès - Catalunya)

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  A Queralt (Berguedà - Catalunya)

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  A Queralt (Berguedà - Catalunya)

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  Baden-Württemberg, Germany

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  Mettmann, Germany

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  Dehesa Boyal de Puertollano, Spain

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  Juniper Top, near Mickleham, Surrey, UK

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  September

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  end October

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  October

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  October

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  October

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  Ilex aquifolium - Museum specimen

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Seedlings and young plants

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Roots

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Cultivars

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  Variegated cultivar

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  Variegated cultivar

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  Variegated cultivar

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  Variegated cultivar

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  Variegated cultivar

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  'Crispa' (twisted leaves), one leaf with leaf miner damage

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  'Ferox'

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  'Ferox'

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  'Watereriana'

Illustrations

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  Floral diagram