Napoléon Bonaparte

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Napoleon 
French general, First Consul and later Emperor of the French
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Name in native languageNapoléon Bonaparte
Date of birth15 August 1769
Ajaccio (Kingdom of France)
Napulione Buonaparte
Date of death5 May 1821
Longwood House (British Overseas Territories, Saint Helena)
Manner of death
  • natural causes
Cause of death
Place of burial
Country of citizenship
Residence
Educated at
Occupation
Member of
Position held
  • Emperor of the French (1804, 1814)
Family
Father
Mother
Sibling
Child
Spouse
Partner
Award received
Signature
Authority control
Blue pencil.svg
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Napóleon (hu); નેપોલિયન બોનાપાર્ટ (gu); Napoleon (war); Napoleon Bonaparte (eu); ნაპოლეონ ბონაპარტი (xmf); Напалеон I Банапарт (be); ناپلئون بوناپارت (azb); Napoleon Bonaparte (ee); Napuolian I a Frans (jam); Napolion Bionapartein (qug); Napoleon (lad); Наполеон I Бонапарт (ba); Napoleon Bonaparte (nds-nl); Napoleon Bonaparte (ku); नेपोलियन बोनापार्ट (ne); Napoelon (sm); Napoleun Bonaparte (rm); Наполеон I (ce); Napoleon Bonaparte (de); Napoleon (om); נפוליאון בונפרטה (he); Наполеон Бонапарт (tt); Napoleon (li); ណាប៉ូលេអុងបូណាប៉ារត៍ (km); ᱱᱮᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱵᱳᱱᱟᱯᱟᱨᱴ (sat); Napoleon Bonaparte (mwl); Napoleon Bonaparte (frr); ናፖሌዎን ቦናፓርት (am); Наполеон Бонапарт (bxr); Napoleó Bonaparte (ca); Napoleone Bonaparte (it); 拿破仑 (zh-my); Napulèòṅ (eml); Napoléon Bonaparte (ht); 拿破崙 (zh-mo); Napoļeons Bonaparts (ltg); I Наполеон Бонапарт (lez); Napoleon I (sco); Napoléon Bonaparte (cdo); Napoleon Bonaparte (yo); Napoleón Bonaparte (es); Napoleão Bonaparte (pt); Наполеон I (kbd); Napoleon (kab); ਨਪੋਲੀਅਨ (pa); Napoleonas Bonapartas (lt); Napoleon Bonaparte (sl); Napoleon I ng Pransya (tl); Наполеон Бонапарт (kk); Napoleon (chr); Napoléon Bonaparte (tw); Napoleon Bonaparte (sw); Napoleon Bonaparte (gd); 拿破崙 (zh-tw); Napoleon Bonapart (az); Наполеон (sah); نيپولين (sd); Նապոլեոն Բոնապարտ (hy); Napoleón I de Francia (gl); Napoleone Bonaparte (nap); 拿破仑 (zh-hans); Napuliuni Bonaparti (scn) político y militar francés (es); 法國軍人同政治人 (yue); francia tábornok, hadvezér, politikus, császár (hu); Французский полководец, Первый консул, а впоследствии Император Франции (ru); französischer General, Staatsmann und Kaiser (de); French general, First Consul and later Emperor of the French (en-gb); ֆրանսիացի ռազմական և քաղաքական գործիչ, Ֆրանսիայի կայսր (hy); император на Франция (bg); 法國軍事家與政治家 (zh-hk); fransk kejsare, militär och politisk ledare (sv); французький імператор у 1804–1814 і 1815 (uk); 法国军事家与政治家 (zh-hans); 法國軍事家與政治家 (zh-hant); 法国军事家与政治家 (zh-cn); Γάλλος μονάρχης, στρατιωτικός και πολιτικός (el); Ranskan keisari (fi); Франция императоры, атақты қолбасшы және мемлекеттік қайраткер (kk); ژنرال فرانسوی و نخستین امپراتور فرانسه (fa); bývalý francouzský císař, vojevůdce a státník (cs); francuski monarh, vojskovođa i političar (bs); Generale francese, Primo Console e poi Imperatore dei Francesi (it); ফরাসি সৈনিক, যোদ্ধা এবং সম্রাট (bn); général, Premier consul et Empereur des Français (fr); French general, First Consul and later Emperor of the French (en); 法國軍事家與政治家 (zh-mo); francúzsky generál a politický vodca (sk); 法国军事家与政治家 (zh-my); Nhà chính trị và nhà lãnh đạo quân sự tài ba thế kỷ 19 của Pháp (vi); 法國軍事家與政治家 (zh-tw); 法國軍事家與政治家 (zh); monarca, capu militari e pulìticu francisi (scn); monarca francês, militar e líder político (pt); קיסר צרפת (he); Franču valdnieks un karavadonis (lv); Pranses a milisia ken daulo ti politika (ilo); Prancūzijos imperatoriaus ir karvedys (lt); Fransk militær kommandant og politisk leder. (nb); 프랑스 제1공화국의 군인이자 1804년부터 1814년, 1815년까지 프랑스 제1제국의 황제였다. (ko); monarca francês, militar e líder político (pt-br); 法国军事家与政治家 (zh-sg); Kaisar Perancis (id); cesarz Francuzów (pl); French general and ruler (ml); Frans militair en politiek leider, keizer der Fransen van 1804 tot 1815 (nl); француски монарх, војсковођа и политичар (sr); ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ, ਫੌਜੀ ਅਤੇ ਸਿਆਸੀ ਆਗੂ (pa); ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ ನೇತಾರ ಮತ್ತು ಆಡಳಿತಗಾರ (kn); Französche Militär- un Politikföhrer, Kaiser (nds); emperador de Francia (gl); قائد عسكري وحاكم فرنسا وملك إيطاليا وإمبراطور الفرنسيين (ar); penn-ar-stad Bro-c'hall (br); Hoàng đế và tổng tài Pháp (km) Napoleone, Napoleone I, Napoleone di Buonaparte, Napoleone I, per la Grazia di Dio e le Costituzioni, Imperatore de' Francesi e Re d'Italia, Il Piccolo Caporale, Le Petit Caporal, Le Corse (it); Napoléon Bonaparte, Bonaparte, Napoléon, Buonaparte, Napoleone di Buonaparte, Napoléon I (fr); Napoleone di Buonaparte, Napoleon I, Napoleon Bonaparte (nds); Napoleon, Napoleone Buonaparte, Napoleon I., Napoléon Bonaparte (de); Napoléon Bonaparte, Napoleone Buonaparte (cy); Ναπολέον, Βοναπάρτης, Ναπολέων Βοναπάρτης, Ναπολέων, Μέγας Ναπολέων, Ναπολέων Α' της Γαλλίας, Ναπολέοντας Βοναπάρτης, Ναπολέων Α' (el); Նապոլեոն I Բոնապարտ, Նապոլեոն I, Բոնապարտ (hy); 拿破崙·波拿巴, 拿破崙一世, 小拿拿 (zh); Napoleon Bonaparte, Napoléon Bonaparte (da); Bonaparte Napóleon (hu); the Corsican Napolean, Emperor of the French Napoleon I, The Little Corporal, Napoléon Bonaparte, Le Petit Caporal, Le Corse, Napoleone di Buonaparte, Napoleon I, by the Grace of God and the Constitutions, Emperor of the French and King of Italy, Empereur des Français Napoléon I, Napoleon Buonaparte, emperador dels francesos Napoleó I, Napoleone Bonaparte, Napoleone Buonaparte, Emperador de Francia Napoleón I, Napoleon I, Napoleon Bonaparte (en); Napoléon Bonaparte, Napoleone Buonaparte (fi); Napoleon, Napoleon I., Napoléon Bonaparte (cs); Napoleon Bonaparte (lb); Napoléon Bonaparte, Le Petit Caporal, Le Corse, Napoleone di Buonaparte, Napoleon Buonaparte, Napoleon I, Emperador de Francia Napoleón I, emperador dels francesos Napoleó I, Empereur des Français Napoléon I (pl); נפוליאון, (he); Napoleon I, keizer Napoleon I (nl); Наполеон Бонапарт, Наполеон I Бонапарт, Бонапарт, Наполеон, Бонапарт, Император Наполеон, Маленький капрал (ru); Наполеон I, Бонапарт, Наполеон Бонапарт (uk); Napoleon Bonaparte, Napoleon I Bonaparte, Napoleon The Mega Tall, The Gamer, Napoleón I Bonaparte (es); 나폴레옹 (ko); Napoleone di Bouonaparte, Napoleón Bonaparte (gl); نابليون بونابارت, نابليون بونبارت, نابوليون بونابارت, نابيلون بونابرت, نابوليون, نابوليون بونابرت, نابوليون بونبارت, نابوليون الأول, نابليون, ناپليون (ar); Napoleon Bonaparte, Bonaparte (br); Napoleón, Napoleon, Napoleon Bonaparte (bs)
Alemannisch : Napoleon Bonaparte (* 1769; † 1821). Erschte Konsul vu dr Franzesische Republik (1802–1804), Presidänt vu dr Italiänische Republik (1802–1805), Chaiser vu dr Franzose (1804–1814), Protäktor vum Ryybund un Chenig vu Italie (1806).
Bahasa Melayu: Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) merupakan Jeneral Perancis, Konsul Pertama bagi Republik Perancis (1804-1814), Presiden Republik Itali (1802-1805), Orang tengah dalam Konfederasi Switszerland (1803-1813), Empayar Perancis (1804-1814), Raja Itali (1805-1814), dan Pelindung di Konfederasi semasa di Rhine (1806-1813).
Deutsch: Napoleon Bonaparte (* 1769; † 1821). Erster Konsul der Französischen Republik (1802–1804), Präsident der Italienischen Republik (1802–1805), Kaiser der Franzosen (1804–1814), Protektor des Rheinbundes und König von Italien (1806).
English: Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) was a French general, First Consul of the French Republic (1799-1804), President of the Italian Republic (1802-1805), Mediator of the Swiss Confederation (1803-1813), Emperor of the French (1804-1814, 1815), King of Italy (1805-1814) and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine (1806-1813).
Español: Napoleón Bonaparte (1769-1821) gobernó Francia de 1799 a 1814 y fue emperador de 1804 a 1814.
Ελληνικά: Ναπολέων Βοναπάρτης (1769-1821), Πρώτος Ύπατος της Γαλλικής Δημοκρατίας (1799-1804), Αυτοκράτωρ των Γάλλων (1804-1814). Επίσης, Πρόεδρος της Ιταλικής Δημοκρατίας (1802-1805), Μεσολαβητής της Ελβετικής Συνομοσπονδίας (1803-1813), Βασιλεύς της Ιταλίας (1805-1814) και Προστάτης της Συνομοσπονδίας του Ρήνου (1806-1813).
Esperanto: Napoleono Bonoparto (1769-1821) regis Francion de la fino de 1799, sub titolo unue de "Unua Konsulo", kaj poste Imperiestro de la Francoj de 1804 ĝis 1815.
Français : Napoléon Bonaparte (Ajaccio, 15 aout 1769 — Saint-Hélène, 5 mai 1821) gouverna la France comme premier consul de 1799 à 1804 puis devint empereur sous le nom de Napoléon Ier de 1804 à 1814 et 1815. Il a été aussi Président de la République italienne (1802-1805), Médiateur de la Confédération suisse (1803-1813), Roi d'Italie (1805-1814) et Protecteur de la Confédération du Rhin (1806-1813).
Galego: Napoleón Bonaparte (1769-1821) foi o gobernante de Francia entre 1799 e 1814 e emperador (1804-1814)
עברית: נפוליאון בונפרטה (1821-1769) היה שליט צרפת (1814-1799) וקיסרה (1814-1804).
Italiano: Napoleone Bonaparte (1769-1821) generale, governò la Francia tra il 1799 e 1814, ne fu anche imperatore nel (1804-1814). Fu anche re d'Italia.
日本語: ナポレオン・ボナパルト(1769年-1821年)はフランスの支配者(1799年-1814年)また皇帝（1804年-1814年）。
한국어: 나폴레옹 보나파르트 (1769-1821)는 프랑스의 장군이자 통령(1799-1804)이며, 프랑스 제1제국의 황제(1804-1814, 1815)이다.
Latina: Neapolio Bonaparte (1769-1821) erat dux exercitus inter Res Novas Franciae, a 1799 anno usque ad 1804 annum, tirannus rei publicae, ab 1804 anno imperator Francorum, ab 1806 rex Italiae et protectorque Foederis Rheni.
Lumbaart: Napuleoon Bonapart (1769-1821) Imperador de Frances (1804-1814), Re d'Italia (1805-1814)
Magyar: Bonaparte Napóleon,(Ajaccio, Korzika, 1769. augusztus 15. – Szent Ilona, 1821. május 5.), francia tábornok, hadvezér, politikus, I. Napóleon néven a franciák császára.
Nederlands: Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) was een Franse generaal, eerste consul van de Franse Republiek (1799-1804), president van de Italiaanse Republiek (1802-1805), bemiddelaar van de Zwitserse Confederatie (1803-1813), keizer van Frankrijk (1804-1814), keizer van Italie (1805-1814) en beschermheer van de Rijnbond (1806-1813).
Norsk bokmål: Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) var en fransk general, førstekonsul av den franske republikk (1799-1804), president i den italienske republikk (1802-1805), mediator av den sveitsiske konføderasjon (1803-1813), Frankrikes keiser (1804-1814), Italias keiser (1805-1814) og leder for Rhinforbundet (1806-1813).
Plattdüütsch: Napoleon Bonaparte (* 1769; † 1821) weer de Eerste Konsul vun de Franzöösche Republik (1802-1804), Kaiser vun de Franzosen (1804-1814), Protektor vun'n Rhienbund un König vun Italien (1806).
Occitan : Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) foguèt general pendant la Revolucion francesa, dirigent de França coma Primièr cònsol (1799 - 1804), puei Emperaire dels Franceses (1804 - 1814 e 1815). Foguèt tanbèn Rei d'Itàlia.
Polski: Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) - pierwszy konsul Republiki 1799-1804, cesarz Francuzów w latach 1804-1814, prezydent (1802-1805) i król Włoch w latach 1805-1814.
Piemontèis: Napoleon Bon-a-part (1769-1821) prim cònsol e amperador dij Fransèis.
Slovenščina: Napoléon Bonaparte (1769-1821)bol vládcom Francúzska (1799-1814) Bol to jeden z najvačších generálov všetkých čias. Dobyl veľkú časť Európy, Bol porazený pri Waterloo.
Shqip: Napoleon Bonaparti (1769-1821) ishte një gjeneral francez, Konsull i Parë i Republikës Franceze (1799-1804), President i Republikës Italiane (1802-1805), Ndërmjetës i Konfederatës Zvicerane (1803-1813), Perandor i francezëve (1804-1814), Mbret i Italisë (1805-1814) dhe Protektor i Konfederatës së Rinit (1806-1813).
Vèneto: Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) - General, Primo Consołe de ła Repùblica franséxe (1799-1804), President de ła Repùblica Tałiana (1802-1805), Mediator de ła Republica Elvetica (1803-1813), Inperador dei Fransesi (1804-1814) Re de Itałia (1805-1814) e Protetor de ła Confederassion del Reno (1806-1813).

Portraits[edit]

Contemporary paintings[edit]

David[edit]

Napoleon crosses the St. Bernard by Jacques-Louis David (5 versions)[edit]

Ingres[edit]

Gros[edit]

Gérard[edit]

  • Napoléon premier consul by François Gérard, 1803.

  • Napoléon Ier en costume du Sacre by François Gérard, 1805

  • Copy after Gérard, Hofburg, Vienna

  • Napoléon Ier en uniforme de colonel des grenadiers à pied de la Garde by François Gérard, c. 1812

Others[edit]

  • Napoleon Bonaparte (Evert A. Duykinck)

  • Napoleon, King of Italy, by Andrea Appiani, 1805

  • Napoléon, by Jean-François Garneray, c. 1805

  • Napoléon Bonaparte, premier Consul, de profil, tourné à droite, by Matthieu Ignace van Bree, 1807

  • Consulta de la République cisalpine réunie en comices à Lyon, by Nicolas-André Monsiau, 1808

  • Première distribution des décorations de la Légion d'honneur, le 14 juillet 1804, by Jean-Baptiste Debret, 1812

  • Napoleon Bonaparte on board the Bellerophon in Plymouth Sound, by Sir Charles Locke Eastlake, 1815

  • Bonaparte Premier consul, by Belliard, Zephyrin and Delpech, François Séraphin

  • Napoléon, by Charles François Gabriel Levachez, after Louis Joseph Lefèvre

  • Napoleon is in 19 Brumaire, 1799, by François Bouchot

  • Napoleone Buonaparte, by Henri Felix Emmanuel Philippoteaux

Posthumous paintings[edit]

Missing information about the date[edit]

  • Napoleon as a general (anonymous, late 18th century according to auction catalog)

  • Napoleon proclaims the constitution of the Duchy of Warsaw

  • Napoléon Bonapartes abdication

  • Napoleon on Saint Helena, anonymous painting

  • Napoleon on Saint Helena (by ?)

  • by ??

  • Detail of the Emperor by Marie-Victoire Jaquotot

Scenes from the Napoleonic Wars[edit]

Caricatures[edit]

  • James Gillray: Exit libertè a la Francois! or Buonaparte closing the farce of Egalité, 1799

  • "Crying for a New Toy", (January 25, 1803) mocking his planned coronation (attributed to Isaac Cruikshank)

  • James Gillray: Evacuation of Malta, 9 February 1803

  • James Gillray: The King of Brobdingnag, and Gulliver, June 26, 1803.

  • James Gillray: Death of the Corsican fox – Scene the last, of the Royal-Hunt, 20 July 1803

  • James Gillray: Buonaparte, 48 hours after landing! – Vide John Bulls home-stroke, armed en masse, 26 July 1803

  • James Gillray: The Corsican-Pest, 6 October 1803

  • James Gillray: "Madame Tallien and the Empress Josephine dancing naked before Barrass in the winter of 1797 -- A fact!", Feb. 20th, 1805

  • James Gillray: The plum-pudding in danger Feb. 26th 1805

  • James Gillray: Tiddy Doll, the great French-Gingerbread-Baker; drawing out a new Batch of Kings, 1806

  • Thomas Rowlandson: Boney and his new wife, 16 August 1810

  • Anonymous caricature: The Dunghill Cock and Game Pullet or Boney Beat out of the Pitt, 1810

  • Leipzig as a hard nut for Napoleon

  • George Cruikshank: Comparative Anatomy or Bone-ys new Conscripts filling up the Skeletons of the Old Regiments, November 1813

  • George Cruikshank: Delusion a New Farce, 8 December 1813

  • George Cruikshank: The Allied Bakers or, The Corsican Toad in the hole, 1 April 1814

  • George Cruikshank: The Corsican Shuttlecock or a pretty Play thing for e/y Allies, 10 April 1814

  • William Elmes: John Bull bringing Bony's nose to the grindstone, 21 March 1814

  • George Cruikshank: Snuffing out Boney!, 1 May 1814

  • George Cruikshank: Little Boney gone to Pot, 12 May 1814

  • Amos Doolittle: Bonaparte in Trouble, 1814

  • George Cruikshank: A View of the Grand Triumphal Pillar, 1815

  • Napoleon in der Tinte, contemporary German caricature

  • Das napoleonische System fällt wie ein Kartenhaus in sich zusammen, contemporary German caricature

  • Aufstieg und Niederfall Napoleons, contemporary German caricature

  • Wahre Abbildung des Eroberers Napoleon Bonaparte, Kaiser der Franzosen, German caricature, 1815

  • Je fume en pleurant mes péchés, French caricature, 1815

  • Zu Befehl!. Karikatur von Achille Devéria

Napoleon: the myth[edit]

  • Triumph Bonapartes oder Der Frieden, Sketch by Pierre-Paul Prud'hon, before 1801

  • Apotheosis of Napoleon, by Andrea Appiani, 1807

  • "Ils grognaient, et le suivaient toujours" by Auguste Raffet, 1836

  • Le transfert des cendres de Napoléon à bord de La Belle Poule, le 15 octobre 1840 by Eugène Isabey, 1843

  • Transbordement des cendres de Napoléon Ier. de La Belle Poule sur le Normandie en rade de Cherbourg, 8 décembre 1840 by Antoine Léon Morel-Fatio, 1841

  • Retour des cendres de Napoléon Ier de Sainte-Hélène. 14 décembre 1840: L'arrivée de La Dorade à Courbevoie. Painting by Félix-Henri-Emmanuel Philippoteaux, 1867

  • Retour des cendres de Napoléon Ier de Sainte-Hélène. 15 décembre 1840: le char funèbre de Napoléon basse sous l'arc de triomphe de l'Etoile à Paris (Ecole française du XIXe siècle)

The Napoleonic Empire[edit]

  • Map of the First French Empire and satellite states

  • Coat of arms of the First French Empire

  • Coat of arms of the Second French Empire

  • Coat of arms of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Spain

  • Coat of arms of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Spain

  • Coat of arms of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Naples

Sculptures, memorial plaques, etc.[edit]

  • Cameo

  • Place Napoléon a Cherbourg

  • Column and statue in Boulogne-sur-Mer

  • Musée de la Marine de Paris

  • Nude Napoleon statue by Antonio Canova in Wellington's Apsley House, London

  • Tomb of Napoleon

  • Tomb of Napoleon

  • Tomb of Napoleon

  • Bust at Chateau de Compiègne

  • Statue at Chateau de Compiègne (copy after Antoine-Denis Chaudet)

  • Napoleondenkmal von Peter Lenk in Überlingen

  • Napoleondenkmal von Peter Lenk in Überlingen

  • Napoleon's stone in Radovna valley, Slovenia

  • Napoleondenkmal Champs Elysees, Paris vor 1852

  • Saint-Julien-en-Genevois battle, the 1st of marsh 1814

  • en:Place du Chatelet monument to Napoleon's victories

  • Plaque on the house, Markt 22, Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Germany

  • Equestrian statue of Napoleon in Laffrey (Isère), "Plaine de la Rencontre" (1815, return from Elba to Paris)

  • One of the friezes which surrounds Napoleon's tomb at the crypt level in Les Invalides, Paris

  • Statue of Napoleon I above the tomb of his son Napoleon II at the crypt level of Napoleon's tomb in Les Invalides, Paris

  • Statue de Napoleon, Cour des Invalides (Paris)

  • Waterloo (Belgium), Fine bronze Napoléon statue standing next of the "Bivouac de l'Empereur" inn.

  • Statue of Napoleon in Napoleons Villa on Elba island

Material artifacts[edit]

  • Napoleon's Throne. Louvre Museum, Paris

  • Napoleon's Throne. Louvre Museum, Paris

  • Napoleon's Throne. Louvre Museum, Paris

  • Napoléon Bonaparte. Abdication document

  • Barque de Napoléon, Musée de la Marine, Paris

  • Napoleon's Bathing Kit. Louvre Museum, Paris

  • Tabatière en corne sculptée représentant la Maison de Napoléon à Sainte-Hélène, conservée au Musée des Hospices civils de Lyon

Crown[edit]

  • Crown

  • Crown
    (Heraldry)

Monnaie[edit]

  • Napoleon, 1803.

  • Napoleon, Milano: 40 lire 1808

  • 40 lire gold. 1812

  • Gold 20 Franc Coin of Napoleon I, struck 1808. Known as Napoleon Gold, the French began to simply call these coins, "Napoleons." Left image, obverse: (French) NAPOLEON EMPEREUR (English, "NAPOLEON EMPEROR"). Right image, reverse: (French) REPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE, 1808, 20 FRANCS (English, "FRENCH REPUBLIC, 1808, 20 FRANCS)

Stamps[edit]

  • Stamp of Moldova 032.jpg

See also[edit]

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