File:Bornite (latest Cretaceous to earliest Tertiary, 62-66 Ma; Butte Mining District, Montana, USA) 1.jpg
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DescriptionBornite (latest Cretaceous to earliest Tertiary, 62-66 Ma; Butte Mining District, Montana, USA) 1.jpg |
English: Bornite from Montana, USA. (public display, Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Mineral Museum, Butte, Montana, USA)
A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are over 4900 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates. The sulfide minerals contain one or more sulfide anions (S-2). The sulfides are usually considered together with the arsenide minerals, the sulfarsenide minerals, and the telluride minerals. Many sulfides are economically significant, as they occur commonly in ores. The metals that combine with S-2 are mainly Fe, Cu, Ni, Ag, etc. Most sulfides have a metallic luster, are moderately soft, and are noticeably heavy for their size. These minerals will not form in the presence of free oxygen. Under an oxygen-rich atmosphere, sulfide minerals tend to chemically weather to various oxide and hydroxide minerals. Bornite is a copper iron sulfide mineral (Cu5FeS4). It's one of several economically significant copper ore minerals (others include chalcocite and chalcopyrite). On fresh, unweathered surfaces, bornite has a metallic copper-orange appearance. Fresh surfaces tarnish relatively quickly. Early-formed bornite tarnish is iridescent, with blues and purples and reds and greens, resulting in the nickname “peacock ore”. As the tarnish thickens, more blues and purples stand out. Late-stage bornite tarnish is a dark purplish-blue. The tarnish material is actually covellite (CuS). With weathering, oxidation, and breakdown, bornite converts to covellite and chalcocite. Bornite is moderately soft (H=3), has no cleavage, and is noticeably heavy for its size. The bornite sample shown above is from Montana's Butte Mining District. In this area, bornite occurs in 62 to 66 million year old copper sulfide-rich hydrothermal veins that intrude the Butte Quartz Monzonite, a pluton of the Boulder Batholith (mid-Campanian Stage, late Late Cretaceous, 76 million years). Locality: Butte Mining District, Silver Bow County, southwestern Montana, USA Photo gallery of bornite: www.mindat.org/gallery.php?min=727 |
Date | |
Source | https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/18248081296/ |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/18248081296. It was reviewed on 8 March 2022 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
8 March 2022
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current | 22:37, 8 March 2022 | 2,590 × 1,994 (3.33 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Uploaded a work by James St. John from https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/18248081296/ with UploadWizard |
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Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D70s |
Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F-number | f/5.6 |
ISO speed rating | 400 |
Date and time of data generation | 11:59, 8 August 2010 |
Lens focal length | 200 mm |
Width | 3,008 px |
Height | 2,000 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 14:10, 30 May 2015 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 11:59, 8 August 2010 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 4 |
APEX shutter speed | 5.906891 |
APEX aperture | 4.970854 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 5 APEX (f/5.66) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash fired, strobe return light detected, auto mode |
DateTime subseconds | 00 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 00 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 00 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 300 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
Serial number of camera | 200638ad |
Lens used | 18.0-200.0 mm f/3.5-5.6 |
Date metadata was last modified | 10:10, 30 May 2015 |
Unique ID of original document | BEFA48B6630A86650CBDDDAF9DF79D73 |