File:Chalcocite (latest Cretaceous to earliest Tertiary, 62-66 Ma; Leonard Mine, Butte, Montana, USA).jpg
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DescriptionChalcocite (latest Cretaceous to earliest Tertiary, 62-66 Ma; Leonard Mine, Butte, Montana, USA).jpg |
English: Chalcocite crystals from Montana, USA. (public display, Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Mineral Museum, Butte, Montana, USA)
A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are about 5600 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates. The sulfide minerals contain one or more sulfide anions (S-2). The sulfides are usually considered together with the arsenide minerals, the sulfarsenide minerals, and the telluride minerals. Many sulfides are economically significant, as they occur commonly in ores. The metals that combine with S-2 are mainly Fe, Cu, Ni, Ag, etc. Most sulfides have a metallic luster, are moderately soft, and are noticeably heavy for their size. These minerals will not form in the presence of free oxygen. Under an oxygen-rich atmosphere, sulfide minerals tend to chemically weather to various oxide and hydroxide minerals. Chalcocite is a significant copper ore mineral having the formula Cu2S - copper sulfide. It has a metallic luster, a dark gray to black color & streak, no obvious cleavage, is moderately heavy for its size, and is moderately soft (H = 2.5 to 3). Chalcocite is found with other copper minerals such as chalcopyrite. It usually forms in the near-surface, secondary enrichment zone at & below the water table, in areas having copper mineralization. It also occurs as a primary mineral in some hydrothermal veins. The chalcocite crystals shown above are from Montana's Butte Mining District. Butte was the top copper producer on Earth for many decades. In that area, hydrothermal veins have intruded and altered the Butte Quartz Monzonite (Butte Pluton, mid-Campanian Stage, late Late Cretaceous, 76 million years), a large intrusive igneous mass forming part of the Boulder Batholith. Copper sulfide-rich hydrothermal vein intrusion occurred at about 62 to 66 million years, around the time of the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition. Locality: Leonard Mine, Butte Mining District, Silver Bow County, southwestern Montana, USA Photo gallery of chalcocite: www.mindat.org/gallery.php?min=962 |
Date | |
Source | https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/18176378566/ |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/18176378566. It was reviewed on 8 March 2022 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
8 March 2022
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current | 22:35, 8 March 2022 | 1,520 × 951 (1.45 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Uploaded a work by James St. John from https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/18176378566/ with UploadWizard |
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Camera manufacturer | EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY |
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Exposure time | 1/640 sec (0.0015625) |
F-number | f/4.5 |
ISO speed rating | 64 |
Date and time of data generation | 14:47, 12 August 2010 |
Lens focal length | 16.2 mm |
Width | 3,648 px |
Height | 2,736 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 480 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 480 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 13:35, 28 May 2015 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 14:47, 12 August 2010 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX aperture | 4.3 |
APEX brightness | 1 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.4 APEX (f/3.25) |
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Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Custom process |
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White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 0 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 84 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
Date metadata was last modified | 09:35, 28 May 2015 |
Unique ID of original document | 79309E87DD73FF7A25DAB9AC12C6CE6C |