File:Fault gouge (San Andreas Fault Zone, Mecca Hills, Riverside County, California, USA) 4 (44819732454).jpg
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionFault gouge (San Andreas Fault Zone, Mecca Hills, Riverside County, California, USA) 4 (44819732454).jpg |
Fault gouge from California, USA. (~7.9 centimeters across at its widest) Fault gouge is a relatively soft, unlithified, mud-like to clayey material that occupies some fault zones or fills matrix between fault breccia clasts. It forms from extreme pulverization and grinding during multiple fault movements over geologic time. This sample is from the San Andreas Fault Zone, which is a transform plate boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. These two tectonic plates are sliding past each other. Despite the word "sliding", movement along the fault zone is usually in the form of sudden jolts - these movements send out shock waves, which cause earthquakes. The San Andreas fault gouge specimen seen here is principally composed of montmorillonite (also known as smectite), a silicate mineral often called "swelling clay". When wet, it expands. When dry, it shrinks. Surface outcrops of this fault gouge display popcorn weathering, which forms by repeated wetting and drying of swelling clays. Minor amounts of kaolinite clay are also present. Locality: San Andreas Fault Zone, Mecca Hills, Riverside County, southern California, USA |
Date | |
Source | Fault gouge (San Andreas Fault Zone, Mecca Hills, Riverside County, California, USA) 4 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/44819732454 (archive). It was reviewed on 7 November 2018 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
7 November 2018
James St. John
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current | 00:27, 7 November 2018 | 3,590 × 2,371 (4.95 MB) | Lu Brito (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F-number | f/11 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 20:12, 24 October 2018 |
Lens focal length | 11.614 mm |
Image title | |
Width | 4,000 px |
Height | 3,000 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 22:48, 24 October 2018 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 20:12, 24 October 2018 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 5.90625 |
APEX aperture | 6.90625 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.66666666666667 |
Maximum land aperture | 4 APEX (f/4) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash fired, compulsory flash firing, red-eye reduction mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,460.905349794 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 16,483.516483516 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Portrait |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 18:48, 24 October 2018 |
Unique ID of original document | D1F7551F9DE538EA677D89A74EA5757C |
IIM version | 1 |