File:Geographical distribution of human major genetic ancestral components.jpg

English: Geographical distribution of human major genetic ancestral components:

This map displays the major genetic ancestry components of humans among selected modern populations as well as selected ancient samples. It represents "Paleo African" ancestry (peaking among Southern African and Rain Forest hunter-gatherers), "Ancient East/West African" ancestry (peaking primarily among Niger-Congo and Nilo-Saharan speaking populations within Africa), "Ancient North African" ancestry (peaking among ancient specimens from Northwest Africa (Iberomaurusian/Taforalt)), "Basal Eurasian" (or "Southwest Eurasian/Arabian_UP") ancestry (peaking among modern populations of the Arab peninsula and the Iranian Plateau), "European_UP" (or "Northwest Eurasian") ancestry (peaking among ancient European Hunter-gatherers), and "East Eurasian (or IUP) ancestry (peaking among different populations of the Asia-Pacific region). Modern "East Eurasian" or "IUP" populations can be differentiated into three broadly and deeply diverged subgroups: the ESEA lineage (primarily ancestral to East and Southeast Asians as well as Native Americans), the AA lineage (Australasian; primarily ancestral to Australasian or Oceanian populations), and the AASI lineage (partially ancestral to South Asian populations). So called "Basal Asian" or "Basal East Asian" ancestry is positioned on the root of the "ESEA" lineage and peaks among the Ancient Tianyuan specimen, Hoabinhians, and modern Andamanese. Deeper IUP ancestry associated with the Ust'Ishim man or Bacho Kiro IUP is largely absent from any modern or ancient population, suggesting that these deep IUP groups did not leave direct descendants. Modern "West Eurasian" populations primarily formed from the combination of European Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers with Basal Eurasian Arabian hunter-gatherers, as well as minimal contributions from different IUP sources. Modern "African" populations primarily formed from the combination of Paleo African, Ancient East/West African, and Ancient North African components, with varying degrees of additional Eurasian input.

Diverging patterns: 1. A deep split between African hunter-gatherers and other populations giving rise to "Paleo Africans", which themselves represent deeply diverged lineages: SAHG (Khoesan) and RHG, and respective clines towards EAHG. 2. A deep split between Ancestral Eurasians and remaining populations within Africa, giving rise to Ancestral Eurasians and the Ancient East/West and North Africans. 3. Ancestral Eurasians subsequently migrated Out-of-Africa into Western Asia, were they would later expand through a "Repetitive population hub", giving rise to the observed Eurasian variations. 4. The Ancient East/West African lineage merged in varying degrees with local hunter-gatherer populations, to give rise to West, East, and Central African populations. 5. Subsequent migration patterns, admixture events and Eurasian geneflow (back migrations) gave rise to the modern genetic and demographic makeup of Africa.

This map was made with the tool "Vahaduo" and the published dataset (Global 25) on human genetics (modern and ancient, scaled).

Paleo African ancestry is represented by ancient specimens from South Africa (2000 BP) and extracted ancestry from Central African hunter-gatherers (proxies).

Ancient East/West African ancestry is represented by extracted ancestry from the Yoruba people, by removing Taforalt-deeived (Iberomaurusian), Eurasian-derived and Paleo African-derived ancestries (as per Lazaridis et al.).

Basal Eurasian ancestry is represented by simulated Basal Eurasians, a postulated lineage which shares the OOA drift and OOA bottleneck, but diverged before the split between Upper-Paleolithic Europeans and East-Eurasians, somewhere on the Arabian peninsula, and did not receive admixture from an archaic lineage (Neanderthals).

European_UP ancestry is represented by UP European-derived specimens, notably Kostenki14, the WHG (Western Hunter-gatherers; Villabruna), and non-IUP ancestry from Yana-RHS samples.

East Eurasian ESEA ancestry is represented by Ancient Southern East Asians (ASEA; Qihe) and Ancient Northern East Asians (ANEA; AR19k). Deep ESEA specimens, Tianyuan and Hoabinhian were excluded for reducing bad fit ESEA scores, and instead were grouped as own component "BA/BEA".

East Eurasian AA ancestry is represented by ancient samples from Australia (Willandra Lake).

East Eurasian AASI ancestry is represented by AASI proxies by DMXX (non-ESEA, non-AA, non-African, and non-West Eurasian ancestry among South Asians, S and NW, replacing Onge as imperfect proxy).

The displayed ancestry components represent "deep ancestry" at the respective roots of the various modern human lineages, which, in varying degrees, gave rise to all modern human populations.

This map henceforth gives an overview on the contributions of Deep/Paleolithic lineages formed solely by diverging patterns of ancient humans, rather than prehistoric admixture events. The results once again refute the existence of distinct or unchangeable "races". The variation observed among modern human populations is largely explained by diverging patterns, selective drift, and admixture events.

The map is primarily made as overview for deep Paleolithic ancestries and the broad ancestry clusters, rather than for precise demographic history on specific modern ethno-linguistic groups.