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Identifier: osirisegyptianre00budg Title: Osiris and the Egyptian resurrection; Year: 1911 (1910s) Authors: Budge, E. A. Wallis (Ernest Alfred Wallis), Sir, 1857-1934 Subjects: Osiris (Egyptian deity) Eschatology, Egyptian Publisher: London, P. L. Warner New York, G. P. Putnam's sons Contributing Library: Princeton Theological Seminary Library Digitizing Sponsor: Internet Archive

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Text Appearing Before Image: his masters name ifcalled upon to explain. It appears to be certain thatthe naming of the figure in some way assured theservices of a spirit-slave to the man whose name it bore.The application of the formula, or Vlth Chapter ofthe Book of the Dead, to the shabti figure represents,I believe, the adoption of the old African custom offuneral murder into the cult of Osiris. This cult, as wehave already seen, abolished cannibalism, or at least theeating of Egyptian human flesh by the Egyptians, andas Osiris introduced the eating of grain and cereals inits stead, it was meet that his followers should be pro-ficient in the arts of agriculture. But no Egyptian everloved digging or top-dressing the ground, or the toil ofthe shdduf, for its own sake, and if the shabti figurecould be made to serve in the capacity of a farm-labourer, by cutting upon it the magical formula, the ^ A.Z., Band XXXII, p. ii6. On the so-called servant figures,see A.Z., Band XXXV, p. 119. Osiris and Human Sacrifice 219

Text Appearing After Image: A Meroitic queea slaughtering prisoners of war.From a bas-relief at Nagaa. 220 Osiris and the Egyptian Resurrection demands of the cult of Osiris would be fulfilled, and thehigh-class Egyptian might reasonably hope to enjoyabsolute idleness in the Other World, as his fathers haddone before him. A pious follower of Osiris like Seti Itook great care to provide himself with a large corvdeparty, for seven hundred ushabtiu, at least, inscribedwith the Vlth Chapter of the Book of the Dead, werefound in his tomb. In later times, when the ushabtiuwere placed in boxes, it seems that some people hadburied with them one shabti figure for each day in theyear. This was probably the case with the officialsAmen-hetep and Ankh-f-en-Khensu, for of the former149 ushabtiu, and of the latter 171 ushabtiu are pre-served in the British Museum.^ When the boxes werefirst found each was full, and each contained very manymore figures. Another proof that human beings were sacrificed atfunerals of the followers

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