File:MarsAtmosphereTemperature by MarsClimateSounder.jpg
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English: This graphic depicts the Mars Climate Sounder instrument on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter measuring the temperature of a cross section of the Martian atmosphere as the orbiter passes above the south polar region.
The Mars Climate Sounder is an infrared radiometer that can be pointed sideways for detecting temperatures at different elevations above the surface of the planet. Multiple measurements since MRO arrived at Mars in 2006 have provided a record of atmospheric temperatures at different times of day on both the sunlit (daytime) and dark (nighttime) portions of the planet. The data indicate that temperatures rise and fall not just once a day, as might be expected from simple warming by the sun, but twice, with a rise during the nighttime as well as during daytime. Researchers have identified the cause for this pattern to be the thin water-ice clouds that form in the equatorial region of Mars. The water-ice clouds absorb infrared light emitted from the Martian surface, and that absorption heats the middle atmosphere. In the graphic, orange and yellow represent higher temperature than green or blue. These results are described in a paper being published by the journal Geophysical Research Letters. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, provided the Mars Climate Sounder instrument and manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington.Русский: Аппарат Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter измеряет температурный профиль атмосферы Марса, пролетая над южным полюсом планеты, с помощью инструмента Mars Climate Sounder. Это ИК-радиометр с регулируемым углом обзора, который способен определять температуру на разной высоте над поверхностью Марса. С момента выхода аппарата на орбиту Марса были выполнены многочисленные измерения температур для участков с различной освещённостью, что даёт суточную динамику температур.
На рисунке схематически показано, что в течение суток рост температуры сменяется падением не один раз, как можно было бы ожидать из того, что атмосфера просто прогревается солнечным излучением, а дважды. По всей видимости, это происходит из-за тонких облаков из водяного льда, которые образуются в экваториальной области и поглощают ИК-излучение с поверхности Марса, что прогревает среднюю атмосферу. Градиент температур обозначен цветом - от голубого (самые низкие) до оранжевого (самые высокие). |
| Date | circa 2009 |
| Source | https://mars.nasa.gov/resources/5360/ |
| Author | NASA/JPL-Caltech |
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This file is in the public domain in the United States because it was solely created by NASA. NASA copyright policy states that "NASA material is not protected by copyright unless noted". (See Template:PD-USGov, NASA copyright policy page or JPL Image Use Policy.) |  |
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