File:Sans-culottes, feeding Europe with the bread of liberty (BM 1851,0901.641).jpg

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Sans-culottes, feeding Europe with the bread of liberty   (Wikidata search (Cirrus search) Wikidata query (SPARQL)  Create new Wikidata item based on this file)
Artist

Print made by: James Gillray

Published by: Hannah Humphrey
Title
Sans-culottes, feeding Europe with the bread of liberty
Description
English: Five groups, one in each corner, with a central group which represents John Bull, standing full face, between Sheridan (left) and Fox (right), who are forcibly feeding him with the bread of liberty. Both are ragged and bare-legged sansculottes, wearing bonnets-rouges. Each forces a small loaf inscribed 'Liberty', on the point of a dagger, into John's gaping mouth, dipping a hand into his coat-pocket. In the background, standing on a barren plain, are a gibbet (left) and Temple Bar (right).


The other groups represent French sansculottes despoiling 'Holland', 'Savoy', 'Germany' & 'Prussia', and 'Italy'. In the upper left corner a stout Dutchman straddling across the 'River Sheldt' is forced backwards by a Frenchman (left) who forces a loaf inscribed 'Liberty' into his mouth at the point of his bayonet, while another diverts a stream of coins from his pocket into his own cap. A third removes the Dutchman's hat with its tobacco pipe, and places on his head a bonnet-rouge.
In the upper right corner a Frenchman thrusts the loaf of 'Liberty', spiked on a spit, at the mouth of a stout Savoyard while another holds him by the ears, and a third (right) drags at the hurdy-gurdy which is slung round his neck.
Below (left) an Austrian officer holding a standard on which is the Habsburg eagle, and a Prussian officer (probably Brunswick) wearing the cap of the Death's-head Hussars, and holding a broken sword (indicating retreat after Valmy, see BMSat 8125, &c.) flee in terror before French tatterdemalions with loaves of 'Liberty' on their spears, and a banner inscribed 'Vive la Liberia'.
In the lower right corner a sansculotte fires a loaf of 'Liberty' from his blunderbuss into the mouth of the terrified Pope, who leans back in his papal chair. A second Frenchman, clutching the keys of St. Peter, removes his triple crown. The pope's bare foot rests on a stool, and is trampled on by the furious man with the blunderbuss. The emblematical dove (irradiated) flies off. 12 January 1793


Hand-coloured etching
Depicted people Associated with: Charles II, Duke of Brunswick-Luneberg
Date 1793
date QS:P571,+1793-00-00T00:00:00Z/9
Medium paper
Dimensions
Height: 311 millimetres
Width: 372 millimetres
institution QS:P195,Q6373
Current location
Prints and Drawings
Accession number
1851,0901.641
Notes

(Description and comment from M.Dorothy George, 'Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires in the British Museum', VII, 1942) For the foreign policy of the Girondins see BMSat 8136. The print precedes the declaration of war on Holland (1 Feb.), but not the intention of the French to promote a revolution there: the Austrian Netherlands were occupied in Nov. and on 15 Dec. the Convention passed a decree that in all territories occupied by French troops the new French revolutionary institutions should be established: the threat to Holland was clear, cf. BMSat 8313. The French seized Nice without resistance on 29 Sept. 1792, occupied Savoy, and on 27 Nov. decreed their annexation to France. The Convention hoped to provoke a revolution in Rome, and a threatening letter (composed by Mme Roland) was addressed to the Pope (27 Nov. 1792). Sorel, 'L'Europe et la Rév. française', 1908, iii. 208-12. Cf. BMSat 8821.

Grego, 'Gillray', p. 165. Wright and Evans, No. 95. Muller, 5309 A. Reprinted, 'G.W.G.', 1830. Reproduced, 'Social England', ed. Traill, 1904, v. 503.
Source/Photographer https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1851-0901-641
Permission
(Reusing this file)		 © The Trustees of the British Museum, released as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

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