File:Sonnenstand.png

#to adapt change these eight first lines only
locationname="Burgauberg"
phi=47.162
lambda=16.130
out=""        #""/png/jpg/svg/pdf
type="cart"   #cart/polar
lang="de"     #de/en/it/nl
locale="German_Austria" #month names German_Austria/English/Italian/Dutch
ieqot=F       #F/T (do not take equation of time into account)
summert=0     #1/0 (summertime normal time)

if (lang=="de") {
  ltext=c("N","O","S","W","Nord","Ost","Süd","West","Azimuth","Höhenwinkel","MEZ","MESZ","Uhr","Sonnenstandsdiagramm","Zenit","Horizont")
} else if (lang=="en") {
  ltext=c("N","E","S","W","north","east","south","west","azimuth","elevation angle","CET","CEST","","sun chart","Zenith","Horizon")
} else if (lang=="it") {
  ltext=c("N","E","S","O","Nord","Est","Sud","Ovest","azimut","altezza","CET","CEST","","Diagramma solare","Zenit","Orizzonte")
} else if (lang=="nl") {
  ltext=c("N","O","Z","W","NB","OL","ZB","WL","Azimut","Hoogte","CET","CEST","","Zonnestanddiagram","Zenit","Horizon")
} 


phi=phi*pi/180
lambda=lambda*pi/180
KAPPA=0.016700
EPSILON=23.4385*pi/180
ALPHA=(360-283.067)*pi/180  #77.6° 
Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", locale)
library("Cairo")    #for nice plot into files
require("plotrix")  #for polar plots (and other stuff?)
require("geonames") #to find the perfect timezone
TZ=as.numeric(GNtimezone(phi*180/pi,lambda*180/pi)[3])  #manual: round((lambda*180/pi)/15)
if (!exists(x="TZ",mode="numeric")) {
  TZ=round((lambda*180/pi)/15)
}
h=function(t,KAPPA=KAPPA,EPSILON=EPSILON,ALPHA=ALPHA) {
  return( sin(t+delta(t,KAPPA)-ALPHA)*sin(EPSILON) )
}

r=function(t,KAPPA=KAPPA,EPSILON=EPSILON,ALPHA=ALPHA) {
  return( sqrt(1-h(t,KAPPA,EPSILON,ALPHA)^2) )
}

mu=function(t,ignore=F,KAPPA=KAPPA,EPSILON=EPSILON,ALPHA=ALPHA) {
  zaehl=-sin(delta(t,KAPPA))+tan(EPSILON/2)^2*sin(2*(t-ALPHA)+delta(t,KAPPA))
  nenn = cos(delta(t,KAPPA))+tan(EPSILON/2)^2*cos(2*(t-ALPHA)+delta(t,KAPPA))
  if (ignore) { res=0 } else { res=atan(zaehl/nenn) }  #ignore the eq of time
  return( res )
}

delta=function(t,KAPPA=KAPPA) {
  return( 2*KAPPA*sin(t)+5/4*KAPPA^2*sin(2*t) )
}

coords=function(t,S,phi,lambda,ignore=ieqot,KAPPA=KAPPA,EPSILON=EPSILON,ALPHA=ALPHA,tz=TZ) {
  s=pi/180*15*(S+lambda*180/pi/15-tz)
  x1= r(t,KAPPA,EPSILON,ALPHA)*sin(s+mu(t,ignore,KAPPA,EPSILON,ALPHA))
  x2= r(t,KAPPA,EPSILON,ALPHA)*cos(s+mu(t,ignore,KAPPA,EPSILON,ALPHA))*sin(phi)+h(t,KAPPA,EPSILON,ALPHA)*cos(phi)
  x3=-r(t,KAPPA,EPSILON,ALPHA)*cos(s+mu(t,ignore,KAPPA,EPSILON,ALPHA))*cos(phi)+h(t,KAPPA,EPSILON,ALPHA)*sin(phi)
  return(cbind(x1,x2,x3))
}

#returns the angle for sperical coordinates
coord2angle=function(coord,filterout=TRUE) {
  diag=sqrt(coord[,1]^2+coord[,2]^2)
  psi=atan2(coord[,2],coord[,1])
  phi=pi/2-atan(coord[,3]/diag)
  azi=pi/2-psi
  hoeh=pi/2-phi
  azi[azi<0]=azi[azi<0]+2*pi
  if (filterout) {
    hoeh[hoeh<0]=NA
    azi[hoeh<0]=NA
  }
  return( 180/pi*cbind(azi, hoeh) )
  ##hoeh=wasserglas(alpha=hoeh,D=wgD,d=wgd,n1=wgn1,n2=wgn2,n3=wgn3)
  ##return( cbind(azi*180/pi, hoeh) )
}

#transforms an angle to a formated date
angle2date=function(w){
  day=(w/(2*pi))*365
  dates=as.Date("2009-01-01")+day
  if (lang=="de"){
  fdate=format(dates, format="%d. %b")
  } else {
  fdate=format(dates, format="%d %b")
  }  
return( fdate )
}

#gets the coordinates and returns a nice desciptive string
location=function(long,lat,name) {
  long=long*180/pi
  if (long<0) { longStr=ltext[8] } else { longStr=ltext[6] }
  lon1=trunc(long+0.00001) #to avoid output 14°60' for 15°0'
  lon2=60*(long-lon1)
  lat=lat*180/pi
  if (lat <0) { latStr =ltext[7] } else { latStr=ltext[5] }
  lat1=trunc(lat+0.00001) #to avoid output 14°60' for 15°0'
  lat2=60*(lat-lat1)
  latlon=paste(abs(lat1),"°",abs(round(lat2,digits=1)),as.character("' "),latStr,", ",abs(lon1),"°",abs(round(lon2,1)),as.character("' "),longStr,sep="")
  string=paste(name,latlon,sep=", ")
  return(string)
}

#Analemma for all hours
analemmabogen=function(suntype="cart",phi=phi,lambda=lambda,KAPPA=KAPPA,EPSILON=EPSILON,ALPHA=ALPHA) {
  jz=seq(0,2*pi,length=365*2)-9/365*2*pi
  sz=seq(0,23,by=1)
  for (si in 1:length(sz)) {
    ko=coords(t=jz,S=sz[si],phi=phi,lambda=lambda,ignore=ieqot,KAPPA=KAPPA,EPSILON=EPSILON,ALPHA=ALPHA,tz=TZ)
    ang=coord2angle(ko,filterout=TRUE)
  
    mitte=ceiling(length(jz)/2)
    sunlines(suntype=type,x=ang[1:mitte,1],y=ang[1:mitte,2],type="l",lwd=3,col="darkgreen")
    if (!ieqot) { sunlines(suntype=type,x=ang[mitte:length(jz),1],y=ang[mitte:length(jz),2],type="l",col="olivedrab",lwd=2,lty="dotdash") }
  
    #labels of the full hour markers
    stui=substitute(szsi^{h},list(szsi=sz[si]+summert))
    yl=ang[mitte,2]+2.5
    if(sz[si]==12) {
      if(summert==1) { sozeText=ltext[12] } else { sozeText=ltext[11] }
      stui=paste(12+summert,"h ",ltext[13]," ",sozeText,sep="")
      if (suntype=="cart") {
        yl=ang[mitte,2]+4
      } else if (suntype=="polar") {
        yl=ang[mitte,2]+7
      }
    }
    if (suntype=="cart") {
      text(x=1.025*ang[mitte,1]-4,y=yl,labels=stui,cex=1.7,font=2)
    } else if (suntype=="polar") {
      text(x=(90-yl)*sin((1.025*ang[mitte,1]-4)*pi/180),y=(90-yl)*cos((1.025*ang[mitte,1]-4)*pi/180),labels=stui,cex=1.3,font=2)
    }
  }
}

#arc of the sun at one date for different days within a year
tagesbogen=function(suntype=type,jahr,lty="solid",lwd=2,col="steelblue",phi=phi,lambda=lambda,KAPPA=KAPPA,EPSILON=EPSILON,ALPHA=ALPHA) {
  tag=seq(0,24,length=24*60+1)
  for (jt in 1:length(jahr)) {
    tagbogen=coords(t=jahr[jt],S=tag,phi=phi,lambda=lambda,ignore=ieqot,KAPPA=KAPPA,EPSILON=EPSILON,ALPHA=ALPHA,tz=TZ)
    tagb=coord2angle(tagbogen,filterout=TRUE)
    sunlines(suntype=suntype,x=tagb[,1],y=tagb[,2],lty=lty,lwd=lwd,col=col)
  }
}

#highlight the position of the sun on a specific date and time as a red point
highlightpoint=function(suntype="cart",timeofday,date="2009-05-01",phi=phi,lambda=lambda,shift=c(0,-3),col="red",KAPPA=KAPPA,EPSILON=EPSILON,ALPHA=ALPHA,summert=0) {
  reddate=as.Date(date)
  dayofyear=as.numeric(reddate-as.Date("2009-01-01"))
  co=coords(t=dayofyear/365*2*pi,S=timeofday,phi=phi,lambda=lambda,ignore=ieqot,KAPPA=KAPPA,EPSILON=EPSILON,ALPHA=ALPHA,tz=TZ)
  winkel=coord2angle(co,filterout=TRUE)
  sunlines(suntype=type,x=winkel[,1],y=winkel[,2],type="p",lwd=2,col=col)
  if(summert==1) { timeofday=timeofday+1 }
  minofday=formatC(round((timeofday-floor(timeofday))*60), digits=0, width=2, format="f", flag="0")
  timestring=paste(floor(timeofday),":",minofday,sep="")
  if (suntype=="cart") {
    text(winkel+shift,paste(format(reddate,"%d. %b"),"\n",timestring),col=col,cex=1.4,adj=c(0.5,0.5))
  } else if (suntype=="polar") {
    pwinkel=winkel+shift
    text(x=(90-pwinkel[2])*sin(pwinkel[1]*pi/180),y=(90-pwinkel[2])*cos(pwinkel[1]*pi/180),paste(format(reddate,"%d. %b"),"\n",timestring),col=col,cex=1,adj=c(0.5,0.5))
  }
  print(winkel)
  return(winkel)
}

#function that handles both polar and cartesian coordinates
sunlines=function(suntype,x,y=NULL,...) {
  if (suntype=="cart") {
    lines(x,y, ...)
  } else if (suntype=="polar") {
    lines( x=(90-y)*sin(x*pi/180),y=(90-y)*cos(x*pi/180), ...)
  }
}

filename=paste("Sunchart-",type,"-",lang,"-",locationname,".",out,sep="")
if (out=="png") {
  CairoPNG(file=filename,width=1850,height=690)
  #png(file=filename,width=1850,height=690)
  #bitmap(file=filename,type="png16m",width=1850,height=690)
} else if (out=="pdf") {
  pdf(file=filename,paper="a4r",width=0,height=0)
  ##pdf(file=filename,width=(wgD+2*wgd)*pi/2.54,height=5/2.54)
} else if (out=="jpg") {
  #CairoJPEG(file=filename,width=1850,height=690)
  jpeg(file=filename,width=1850,height=690,quality=98)
} else if (out=="svg") {
  CairoSVG(file=filename,width=11,height=11)
}
xlab=c(paste(ltext[1],sep=""),paste(ltext[1],ltext[1],ltext[2],sep=""),paste(ltext[1],ltext[2],sep=""),paste(ltext[2],ltext[1],ltext[2],sep=""),paste(ltext[2],sep=""),paste(ltext[2],ltext[3],ltext[2],sep=""),paste(ltext[3],ltext[2],sep=""),paste(ltext[3],ltext[3],ltext[2],sep=""),paste(ltext[3],sep=""),paste(ltext[3],ltext[3],ltext[4],sep=""),paste(ltext[3],ltext[4],sep=""),paste(ltext[4],ltext[3],ltext[4],sep=""),paste(ltext[4],sep=""),paste(ltext[4],ltext[1],ltext[4],sep=""),paste(ltext[1],ltext[4],sep=""),paste(ltext[1],ltext[1],ltext[4],sep=""),paste(ltext[1],sep="") )

if (type=="cart") {
  plot(c(0,0),c(0,0),type="n",xlim=c(45,315),ylim=c(0,min(90-phi*180/pi+31,90)),xaxs="i",yaxs="i", axes=FALSE, main=ltext[14], cex.main=2.3, font.main=2, xlab=ltext[9], ylab=ltext[10], cex.lab=1.33)
  ##par(mar=c(0,0,0,0),cex=0.33)
  ##plot(c(0,0),c(0,0),type="n",xlim=c(0,360),ylim=c(-5,0),xaxs="i",yaxs="i", axes=FALSE)
  ##box("figure", col="blue",lwd=2)   
  #par(mai=c(0.95625,0.76875,0.76875,0.39375))
  #box("figure", col="blue")
  legend(x=45,y=min(90-phi*180/pi+31,90),legend=location(lat=phi,long=lambda,name=locationname),box.col="white",bg="white",cex=1.7)

  
  xticks=seq(par("usr")[1],par("usr")[2],by=22.5)
  yticks=seq(par("usr")[3],par("usr")[4],by=10)
  axis(1, at=xticks[1:length(xticks)], tick=F, cex.axis=1.33, labels=xlab[3:15],font=2)
  ##axis(1, at=xticks[1:length(xticks)], tck=0.01, mgp=c(0,-1.5,0), cex.axis=1.75, labels=xlab[1:length(xticks)],font=2)
  axis(2, at=yticks, tick=F, cex.axis=1.5, labels=paste(yticks,"°",sep=""))
  grid( nx=length(xticks)-1,ny=NA,col="gray75")
  abline( h=yticks, col="gray75", lty="dotted")
  abline( v=c(90,180,270), col="gray20",lty="dotted")
  
  box(which="plot",col="grey50")
} else if (type=="polar") {
  polar.plot(length=NA,polar.pos=NA,rp.type="p",clockwise=TRUE,label.pos=seq(45,360+22.5,by=22.5),start=135,labels=xlab,radlab=F,radial.labels="",radial.lim=c(0,30,60,90),show.centroid=F, main=ltext[14], cex.main=2.3, font.main=2 )
  text(x=c(0,0,0,0),y=c(0,30,60,90),labels=c(ltext[15],"60°","30°",ltext[16]),col="darkgrey")
  legend("topleft",legend=location(lat=phi,long=lambda,name=locationname),box.col="white",bg="white",cex=1)
}

#arc on a day: birthdays
jahr=c(113)/365*2*pi 
tagesbogen(suntype=type,jahr,lty=4,lwd=2,col="orange",phi=phi,lambda=lambda,KAPPA=KAPPA,EPSILON=EPSILON,ALPHA=ALPHA)

analemmabogen(suntype=type,phi=phi,lambda=lambda,KAPPA=KAPPA,EPSILON=EPSILON,ALPHA=ALPHA)

#daily arc: first half of the year
jahr=cumsum(c(0,31,28,31,30,31))/365*2*pi #one line per month
tagesbogen(suntype=type,jahr,lty="solid",lwd=2,col="steelblue",phi=phi,lambda=lambda,KAPPA=KAPPA,EPSILON=EPSILON,ALPHA=ALPHA)

#daily arc: second half of the year
jahr=cumsum(c(181,31,31,30,31,30))/365*2*pi #one line per month
tagesbogen(suntype=type,jahr,lty="dotted",lwd=2,col="skyblue3",phi=phi,lambda=lambda,KAPPA=KAPPA,EPSILON=EPSILON,ALPHA=ALPHA)

#one point per month, each at 12 o'clock
jp=cumsum(c(0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30))/365*2*pi #one line per month
jahresbogen=coords(t=jp,S=12,phi=phi,lambda=lambda,ignore=ieqot,KAPPA=KAPPA,EPSILON=EPSILON,ALPHA=ALPHA,tz=TZ)
angl=coord2angle(jahresbogen,filterout=TRUE)
sunlines(suntype=type,x=angl[,1],y=angl[,2],type="p",lwd=2)
adj=cbind(c(0.9,1,1.1,1.1,0,-0.2,1.2,1.1,-0.1,0,0,0.1),c(1.5,1.7,1.6,-0.2,1.3,1,-0.4,0.7,-0.3,-0.7,-0.7,-0.5))
for (i in 1:length(jp)) {
  if (type=="cart") {
    text(x=angl[i,1],y=angl[i,2],angle2date(jp[i]),adj=adj[i,],cex=1.33)
  } else if (type=="polar") {
    text(x=(90-angl[i,2])*sin(angl[i,1]*pi/180),y=(90-angl[i,2])*cos(angl[i,1]*pi/180),angle2date(jp[i]),adj=adj[i,],cex=0.7)
  }
}
 
#sun location on a certain day and time
hipo=highlightpoint(suntype=type,timeofday=13+25/60,date="2009-04-23",phi=phi,lambda=lambda,shift=c(0,-3),col="brown4",KAPPA=KAPPA,EPSILON=EPSILON,ALPHA=ALPHA,summert=0)

if (out=="png" | out=="jpg" | out=="svg" | out=="pdf") { 
  dev.off()
  print(paste("output written to ",getwd(),"/",filename,sep=""))
}

###
###
## ev paar Zeilen rauf schieben, dient für sonneneinstrahlung abzuschätzen
sunlines(suntype=type,x=c(113,113+180),y=c(0,0),type="l",lwd=3,col="red")
# utitlity function to integrate (is sum up) the sun intensity over one day (and then to sum it up over a year)
besonnung_t=function(jahr) {
  tag=seq(0,24,length=60*24+1)
  tagbogen=coords(t=jahr,S=tag,phi=phi,lambda=lambda,ignore=ieqot,KAPPA=KAPPA,EPSILON=EPSILON,ALPHA=ALPHA)
  tagb=coord2angle(tagbogen,filterout=TRUE)
  resu=tagb[,2]
  resu[is.na(resu)]=0
  resu[tagb[,1] < (113.5) ]=0  #SüdWand noch nicht besonnt
  resu[tagb[,1] > (113.5+180) ]=0  #SüdWand nicht mehr besonnt
  return( mean(resu) )
}
 
# utitlity function to integrate (is sum up) the sun intensity over the whole year)
besonnung_j=function() {
  sonnensumme=0
  jahr=seq(0,2*pi/365,length=365)
  for (jt in 1:length(jahr)) {
    sonnensumme=sonnensumme+besonnung_t(jahr[jt])
  }
  return(sonnensumme/length(jahr))
}

besonnung_t(jahr=c(94)/365*2*pi)
besonnung_j()
###
###