File:Phanerozoic Carbon Dioxide.png
Phanerozoic_Carbon_Dioxide.png (586 × 409 taškų, rinkmenos dydis: 62 KiB, MIME tipas: image/png)
Captions
Šis paveikslėlis graph (arba visos šio straipsnio iliustracijos) turėtų būti iš naujo sukurtas naudojant vektorinę grafiką, kaip, pavyzdžiui, SVG failas. To privalumus ir daugiau informacijos rasite straipsnyje Commons:Media for cleanup. Jei šio failo SVG versija jau sukurta, prašome ją įkelti. Po įkėlimo šios iliustracijos puslapyje pakeiskite šį šabloną į {{vector version available|naujas paveikslėlio pavadinimas.svg}}.
|
Turinys
Aprašymas[keisti]
This figure shows estimates of the changes in carbon dioxide concentrations during the Phanerozoic. Three estimates are based on geochemical modeling: GEOCARB III (Berner and Kothavala 2001), Carbon-Oxygen-Phosphorus-Sulfur-Evolution COPSE (Bergman et al. 2004) and Rothman (2001). These are compared to the carbon dioxide measurement database of Royer et al. (2004) and a 30 Myr filtered average of those data. Error envelopes are shown when they were available. The right hand scale shows the ratio of these measurements to the estimated average for the last several million years (the Quaternary). Customary labels for the periods of geologic time appear at the bottom.
Direct determination of past carbon dioxide levels relies primarily on the interpretation of carbon isotopic ratios in fossilized soils (paleosols) or the shells of phytoplankton and through interpretation of stomatal density in fossil plants. Each of these is subject to substantial systematic uncertainty.
Estimates of carbon dioxide changes through geochemical modeling instead rely on quantifying the geological sources and sinks for carbon dioxide over long time scales particularly: volcanic inputs, erosion and carbonate deposition. As such, these models are largely independent of direct measurements of carbon dioxide.
Both measurements and models show considerable uncertainty and variation; however, all point to carbon dioxide levels in the past that have been signifcantly higher than they are at present. While the GEOCARB Carbon dioxide levels in the most part of the Phanerzoic Eon shows a fit and resulting climate sensitivity similar to todays values, the early Phanerozoic includes a global ice age during the Ordovician age combined with high atmospheric carbon contents based on the same project. There have been different speculations about the reasons but no acknowledged mechanism so far.
Copyright[keisti]
This figure was prepared by Robert A. Rohde from published data and is incorporated into the Global Warming Art project.
Suteikiamas leidimas kopijuoti, platinti ir/ar redaguoti šį dokumentą pagal GNU Free Documentation licencijos versijos 1.2 ar bet kurios vėlesnės versijos sąlygas, publikuotas Free Software Foundation; be nekintamų dalių, be priekinių ir galinių tekstinių žymų viršeliuose. Šios licencijos kopija įtraukta dalyje, pavadintoje GNU Free Documentation License.http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.htmlGFDLGNU Free Documentation Licensetruetrue |
Šiam failui taikoma Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported licencija. | ||
| ||
Licencijos šablonas buvo priskirtas šiam failui kaip GFDL licencijos atnaujinimo dalis.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/CC BY-SA 3.0Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0truetrue |
References[keisti]
- Bergman, Noam M., Timothy M. Lenton, and Andrew J. Watson (2004). "COPSE: A new model of biogeochemical cycling over Phanerozoic time". American Journal of Science 304: 397–437.
- Berner, RA and Z. Kothavala (2001). "GEOCARB III: A revised model of atmospheric CO2 over Phanerozoic time". American Journal of Science 301: 182-204.
- Gradstein, FM and JG Ogg (1996). "A Phanerozoic time scale". Episodes 19: 3-5.
- Gradstein, FM, JG Ogg and AG Smith (2005 m.) A geologic time scale 2004, Cambridge University Press ISBN 0521786738
- Rothman, Daniel H. (2001). "Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels for the last 500 million years". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99 (7): 4167-4171.
- Royer, Dana L., Robert A. Berner, Isabel P. Montañez, Neil J. Tabor, and David J. Beerling (2004). "CO2 as a primary driver of Phanerozoic climate". GSA Today 14 (3): 4-10. doi:10.1130/1052-5173(2004)014<4:CAAPDO>2.0.CO;2
- Veizer, J., Godderis, Y. & Francois. L.M., Evidence for decoupling of atmospheric CO2 and global climate during the Phanerozoic eon. Nature 408, 698-701 (2000) [1]
- Nir J. Shaviv, Ján Veizer: Celestial driver of Phanerozoic climate?, Geological Society of America Vol. 13, Issue 7 (Juliy 2003), S. 4–10, Online (pdf 454 KByte)[2]
Notes[keisti]
- All data except GEOCARB III appear on the 2004 geologic time scale (Gradstein et al. 2005). GEOCARB III appears on the Gradstein & Ogg (1996) time scale.
- All models are reported in terms of the ratio of past CO2 concentrations to "present" CO2 concentrations, where "present" represents some average value for the last few million years. To compare to direct measurements a value of 260 ppmv is chosen for the recent period, with an uncertainty of 10-15%.
- No models are capable of resolving changes faster than ~10 Myr.
- Measurements based on the interpretation of paleosols sometimes result in apparent CO2 concentrations < 0 ppmv. These were set to 0 ppmv.
- Different measurements in the Royer et al. compilation come from different authors and involve different techniques. As such the error bars are not necessarily comparable. For example, some sources may have included only statistical measurement error, whereas others may have included statistical and systematic errors. Other measurements report no uncertainty at all. Because of these factors, the error measurements were ignored when determining the 30 Myr measurement average.
Annotations InfoField | This image is annotated: View the annotations at Commons |
Rinkmenos istorija
Paspauskite ant datos/laiko, kad pamatytumėte rinkmeną tokią, kokia ji buvo tuo metu.
Data/Laikas | Miniatiūra | Matmenys | Naudotojas | Paaiškinimas | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
dabartinis | 01:16, 26 rugpjūčio 2019 | 586 × 409 (62 KiB) | Saippuakauppias (aptarimas | indėlis) | Inverted figure and axes, so that time evolves from left to right. | |
21:38, 25 vasario 2006 | 584 × 407 (31 KiB) | Merikanto~commonswiki (aptarimas | indėlis) | Class Paleoklimatology, Phanerozoic Carbon Dioxide curve. |
Jūs negalite perrašyti šios rinkmenos.
Rinkmenos naudojimas
Šie puslapiai naudoja šią rinkmeną:
Visuotinis rinkmenos naudojimas
Ši rinkmena naudojama šiose viki svetainėse:
- Naudojama bs.wikipedia.org
- Naudojama cs.wikipedia.org
- Naudojama da.wikipedia.org
- Naudojama de.wikipedia.org
- Naudojama en.wikipedia.org
- User:Dragons flight/Images
- Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Science/2006 September 26
- Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
- User:Mporter/Climate data
- User talk:Epipelagic/Archive 2009
- Greenhouse gas
- Talk:Climate change denial/Archive 31
- Portal:Climate change
- Talk:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere/Archive 1
- Talk:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere/Archive 2
- Naudojama eu.wikipedia.org
- Naudojama fa.wikipedia.org
- Naudojama he.wikipedia.org
- Naudojama hr.wikipedia.org
- Naudojama kn.wikipedia.org
- Naudojama ko.wikipedia.org
- Naudojama lt.wikipedia.org
- Naudojama my.wikipedia.org
- Naudojama pl.wikipedia.org
- Naudojama ru.wikipedia.org
- Naudojama sh.wikipedia.org
- Naudojama uk.wikipedia.org
- Naudojama vi.wikipedia.org
- Naudojama zh.wikipedia.org
Metaduomenys
Šioje rinkmenoje yra papildomos informacijos, tikriausiai pridėtos skaitmeninės kameros ar skaitytuvo, naudoto jai sukurti ar perkelti į skaitmeninį formatą. Jei rinkmena buvo pakeista iš pradinės versijos, kai kurios detalės gali nepilnai atspindėti naują rinkmeną.
Horizontali raiška | 37,8 taškai centimetre |
---|---|
Vertikali raiška | 37,8 taškai centimetre |
Naudota programinė įranga |
Structured data
Items portrayed in this file
vaizduoja
copyright status anglų
copyrighted anglų
MIME type anglų
image/png
- Graph images that should use vector graphics
- PNG that should use vector graphics
- CC-BY-SA-3.0-migrated
- License migration completed
- GFDL
- User:Dragons flight
- Media missing infobox template
- Images with annotations
- Images with 10+ annotations
- Files with no machine-readable author
- Files with no machine-readable source