File:Polypyrrole bubbles.jpg

English: The electrochemical synthesis of polypyrrole involves applying current to electrodes in a solution containing the monomer pyrrole. It is considered an effective and precise method for thin film manufacturing. Here is a compilation of polypyrrole thin films. A thin layer of polypyrrole on the surface of gold covered tungsten wire. The formation of gas has caused the bubble-like structure of the thin film. This scanning electron microscopy image was taken at the Institute of Technology University of Tartu during the research work of polypyrrole actuators.