File:Tondo and Pasig 1450.png

Map of the Union of Tondo and Pasig, also referred to as the Kingdom of Tondo, as well as other influenced barangays during the rule of Dayang Kalangitan in 約1450. This map uses question marks for places whose locations are deemed uncertain and not fully reliable.

Interpretations based on "Estado, Topográfico, Estadistíco, Histórico—Religioso, de la Santa y Apostólica Provincia de San Gregorio Magno, de Religiosos Menores Descalzos de la Regular y Mas Estrecha Observancia De Nuestro Padre San Francisco, en las Islas Filipinas" by Fr. Felix Huerta

Places like Meycatmon, Dibag, Pinacauasan, and Yamagtogon have uncertain locations, but are placed with approximate locations because Fr. Felix Huerta seems to have arranged the settlements in the right order, from Meycatmon "hasta" (until) Meysapan (Santa Ana). So, from Meycatmon all the way to Meysapan.

Meycatmon (potentially the barangay of Catmon north of Tondo), Calatondongan (Tondo/Tondong/Tundun), Dongos (Santo Cristo de Longos, modern-day Binondo and San Nicolas), Dibag, Pinacauasan, Yamagtogon until Meysapan. Santa Cruz, San Miguel, and Santa Mesa do not have precolonial names preserved, despite having proof that it was inhabited prior to Spanish colonization. Therefore, in the area from Santa Cruz to Santa Mesa are the likely locations of Dibag, Pinacauasan and Yamagtogon, in a left-to-right order.

Another thing that the author wants to clarify is that Namayan was a confederation and not a single entity, and as stated in Fr. Felix Huerta's work, ruled by a "petty king" named Lakan Tagkan. While the confederation was most likely headed by Namayan by 1570, this did not mean that they had direct control over other barangays. Also, there is no proof that Namayan held some degree of control over the mentioned territories in Fr. Felix Huerta's document before Lakan Tagkan. Furthermore, the excavations of old Chinese goods and piloncitos found in Santa Ana as stated in the Namayan Wikipedia page are not an indicator of Namayan's territories and influence. It was simply a proof of economic relations with the states around them.

Furthermore, if we make logical estimates as to when Lakan Tagkan may have possibly ruled, based on genealogical records and the potential lifespan of people at the time, Lakan Tagkan may have only ruled in the mid to late 1400s. Lakan Tagkan is the great grandfather of Calamayin, who ruled during the 1570s. Fr. Felix Huerta also mentions that the "origins of the naturales of these territories" came from the kingdom established by Lakan Tagkan, so it is certain that Namayan only started dominating under Lakan Tagkan. Pasay was not included as it was a newly established settlement only during the reign of Lakan Tagkan, and this map precedes the reign of Lakan Tagkan of Namayan.

There is also no proof that Namayan and Meysapan are the same entity. Fr. Felix Huerta has made it clear that Namayan was merely absorbed into Santa Ana de Sapa into a barrio (village) during the Spanish era. He did not mention that Meysapan was the seat of power, but Namayan. He further stated that Meysapan was only a territory of Namayan, never mentioning that Meysapan was ever Namayan. This was an indication that Meysapan (Sapa) and Namayan were two different settlements. Therefore, Namayan (in Mandaluyong) was the capital of Namayan, not Santa Ana de Sapa. Santa Ana was only made the seat of power of large swathes of areas during the Spanish era.

It is very possible but not certain that Fr. Felix Huerta misinterpreted the barangays within the confederation headed by Namayan as Namayan's "territories", as no older Spanish accounts prior to Felix Huerta's work in the 19th century seem to mention various places all as part of one centralized kingdom known as Namayan. Furthermore, places like Pandacan, Taguig, Catanghalan, Maysilo/Misil, Polo, Tambobong, Navotas, and other areas clearly had their own local datus, hence they were able to take part in the Tondo Conspiracy of 1587. Binwangan (Binwangan, Obando) was also mentioned in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription.

It is also not unlikely for Tondo to be absorbed into the confederation headed by Namayan under Lakan Tagkan. As stated by Nick Joaquin, that Tondo had "replaced Namayan as the chief port of entry on Manila Bay", indicating that Tondo may have only recently became increasingly less dependent and eventually became independent from Namayan.