Maxim MG

English: The Maxim gun was the first self-acting machine gun.

Polski: Maxim - rodzina karabinów maszynowych której pierwowzorem był ciężki karabin maszynowy Hirama Maxima skonstruowany w 1883 roku. Była to broń skomplikowana, droga w produkcji i wymagajaca dobrze wyszkolonej obsługi ale przewyższające pod każdym względem używane wcześniej kartaczownice.

中文：馬克沁機槍（Maxim gun）是1884年由英國爵士馬克沁發明的第一種全自動式的機槍。首次關於馬克沁機槍的發展是在海勒姆·馬克沁在1883年6月至7月註冊專利。原型槍於1884年10月招待客人時首次展示。馬克沁機槍公佈後一時間各國並未接受這種新武器，但是一些探險家為了其考量而購入這種武器作為防衛用；第一個採用的軍方單位為1889年新加坡志願軍，隨後才逐漸在英軍內開始配發。其真正開始成名的時間為1894年，馬克沁機槍在第一次馬塔貝勒戰爭中英軍對祖魯人以50人的軍隊操作馬克沁機槍造成5000祖魯人的傷亡，其強大威力讓馬克沁爵士成名。

Early versions

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  Pre-World Standard versions were marketed for adventurers
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  In 1891 in Uganda

World Standard (1887 onwards, gunmetal conical jacket)

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  Cutaway drawing
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  Original gunmetal feeder of the World Standard, depicted without a wooden roller
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  Solid Action modification of 1896

British Maxim machineguns (of the World Standard type)

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  Hiram Maxim shows his World Standard to king Edward VII
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  On a naval conical mount
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  Similar mount on an armoured train in S. Africa, 1902
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  On an early wheeled field carriage
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  On an early tripod with an early recoil booster ("muzzle attachment") during the 2nd Boer War
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  In modern Ghana, 1900
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  Mark IV tripod mount drawing
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  On a quadrupod in the 1910
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  On a quadrupod with a blank-firing adaptor
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  On a late model tripod
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  Army assisting the police in 1911
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  During WWI Maxim guns served in the rear areas
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  And with the colonial troops

Extra Light Rifle-Caliber model (1895)

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  In Royal Artillery Museum Woolwich
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  On Lord Dundonald's Galloping Gun-Carriage
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  Not accepted by any military, but notable for the S-shaped crank lever introduced on water-cooled guns from late 1890s

Maxim Ord. 1894 (Switzerland)

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  With a blank-firing adapter
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  Fusee spring cover was omitted to decrease the weight

MG 00 (Switzerland)

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  MG 00 body is of the World Standard Rifle-Caliber model
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  It was mounted on an early tripod
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MG 01 (Germany) and its derivatives

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  Around 1899, DWM designed a stretcher carriage
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  It had an advantage of being able to be lowered much more than a tripod
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  It was to be transported on a field wheeled carriage
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  And it could be fired from it as well
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  It was used in WWI by colonial troops
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  Bulgaria adopted the machine gun in their 8 mm Mannlicher rimmed cartridge
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  Chile adopted it as Modelo 1902 in 7 mm Mauser (here with a recoil booster)
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  From about 1903 all the formerly gunmetal parts were made from steel to lighten the weapon

Model 1904 (USA)

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MG08 (Germany)

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Various DWM Modell 1909 (so-called MG 09) derivatives of different countries

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  Serbian machine-gun section in WWI
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  A Romanian Maxim gun, 1915
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  Captured Turkish Maxim guns, 1915
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  Same machine guns in Turkish service, 1915
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  A Persian Maxim gun, 1919
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  A Chinese Maxim gun, 1927

Early Russian Maxims

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  A naval Russian Maxim during the Russo-Japanese War, 1904
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  A Russian Maxim gun on the fortress carriage on the same war, 1904
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  Another one in Finland, 1918
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  Maxim M1905 body cutaway drawing
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  M1905 machine gun on M1909 Sokolov carriage

Maxim M1910 (Russia)

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  Russian Maxim MG (Maxim M1910)
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Maxim M/09-21 (Finland)

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  Maxim M/09-21

MG 11 (Switzerland)

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  In a museum
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  Partially disassembled
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  Could be transported on a cart (left) with ammo in another one
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  But could also be carried by a horse
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  And even by its crew
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  MG body being mounted on a tripod by a modern re-enactor
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  Loading
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  In a position for AA fire
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  On a high AA tripod
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  In a WWII-era bunker mount

Maxim 1911 (Belgium)

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  Very similar to MG 11
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  Except transported exclusively in a dog cart
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  Served during WWI
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  And afterwards

Maxim M/32-33 (Finland)

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