Alexander Graham Bell
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British-born American scientist and inventor (1847–1922)  Alexander Graham Bell entre 1914 i 1919 | |||||
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| Date of birth | 3 March 1847 Edinburgh | ||||
| Date of death | 2 August 1922 Beinn Bhreagh | ||||
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English: Alexander Graham Bell was a Scottish-born inventor, teacher, scientist and philanthropist, most widely known for the invention of the telephone. Bell invented his telephone while in Canada in 1874, later became a U.S. citizen in 1882, and still later lived a great part of his life (and died) at his estate in Nova Scotia from 1886 onwards, thus becoming an honorary son (but not officially a citizen) to many Canadians.
Français : Alexander Graham Bell était un Écossais de naissance, inventeur, enseignant, scientifique et philanthrope, plus connue pour l'invention du téléphone. Bell a inventé son téléphone alors qu'au Canada, en 1874, puis est devenu citoyen américain en 1882, et plus tard encore vécu une grande partie de sa vie (et mort) dans sa propriété en Nouvelle-Écosse à partir de 1886, devenant ainsi un fils d'honneur (mais pas officiellement un citoyen), de nombreux Canadiens.
Español: Alexander Graham Bell fue un escocés inventor, el profesor, científico y filántropo, es ampliamente conocida por la invención del teléfono. Bell inventó el teléfono mientras que en Canadá en 1874, más tarde se convirtió en un ciudadano de los EE.UU. en 1882, y más tarde vivió una gran parte de su vida (y murieron) en su propiedad de Nueva Escocia, desde 1886 en adelante, convirtiéndose así en un hijo de honor (pero no oficialmente un ciudadano) a muchos canadienses.
Deutsch: Alexander Graham Bell war ein britischer und später US-amerikanischer Sprechtherapeut, Erfinder und Großunternehmer. Er gilt als der erste Mensch, der aus der Erfindung des Telefons Kapital geschlagen hat, indem er Ideen seiner Vorgänger zur Marktreife weiterentwickelte. Zu seinen Ehren wurde die dimensionslose Maßeinheit (Pseudomaß) für logarithmische Verhältniswerte, mit dem auch Schallpegel gemessen werden, mit Bel benannt.
Русский: Александер Грэм Белл был шотландским родился изобретатель, учитель, ученый и филантроп, самый широко известный за изобретение телефона. Белл изобрел свой телефон, находясь в Канаде в 1874 году, позднее стал гражданином США в 1882 году, а еще позже жил большую часть своей жизни (умер), в своем имении в Новой Шотландии с 1886 года, став почетным сына (но не Официально гражданина) для многих канадцев.
日本語: アレクサンダーグラハムベルは、スコットランドは、最も広くは、電話の発明で知られる発明家、教師、科学者であり、慈善家。ベル1874年はカナダで、後に1882年に米国市民となり、今後の1886年から彼の人生の大部分（と）ノバスコシア州の彼の財産で死亡住んでいたので、（ではなく、名誉の息子になる彼の電話を発明正式には市民の）多くのカナダ人です。
中文：亚历山大格雷厄姆贝尔是苏格兰出生的发明人，教师，科学家，慈善家，最广泛的电话的发明众所周知的。贝尔发明，而加拿大在1874年他的电话，后来在1882年成为美国公民后，仍然从1886年起生活在他生命的很大一部分（和死在他在加拿大新斯科舍省房地产），而成为荣誉的儿子（但不正式公民）对许多加拿大人。
Alexander Graham Bell -Portraits[edit]
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Alexander Graham Bell, c. 1914–1919. Moffett Studio, from Library and Archives Canada (C-017335). Expired copyright. -
Bell photo portrait, from the Smithsonian's Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology collection, undated. -
Alexander Graham Bell, half-length portrait, Library of Congress, C. 1850-1860. -
Same as previous image (note: small file size) -
Alexander Graham Bell (B&W portrait). -
Alexander Graham Bell (colorized portrait). -
Alexander Graham Bell (colorized portrait). -
Alexander Graham Bell, three-quarter length portrait, standing, facing left, 1882.
General photos of or about Alexander Graham Bell and his family[edit]
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Alexander Graham Bell with his wife Mabel Gardiner Hubbard and their children Elsie May Bell (far left) and Marian Hubbard Bell, c. 1885. -
Alexander Graham Bell's wife Mabel Gardiner Hubbard, deaf since age five. -
Alexander Graham Bell's wife Mabel Gardiner Hubbard, ca. 1917 -
Dedication of the Bell Telephone Memorial, with Alexander Graham Bell (middle back row), and in the front row (l to r) Mabel H. Grosvenor (AGB's grand-daughter), Mrs. Alexander Graham Bell (Mabel), and Mrs. Gilbert Grosvenor. (Courtesy: Bell Homestead Society) -
Daughter "Daisy" Bell trying to resuscitate a drowned lamb, with Bell at far right, c. 1882 (n.b.: that year would make her about age 6, so either the name mentioned or the year appear incorrect -ed) -
Alexander Graham Bell with his family and friends at the lodge, Baddeck, Nova Scotia, 1890 -
Bell's duaghter, Marian Hubbard "Daisy" Bell, three-quarter length portrait, at eight years of age, standing, facing left, with dog. -
The Bell Homestead, the Bell Family's first home in Canada, now preserved as a museum to A.G. Bell, dedicated in 1915. -
The Brohead-Bell-Morton Mansion of Washington, D.C. The Beaux-Arts building, was purchased by Alexander Graham Bell's father-in-law in 1882, who gave the home to his daughter (Mabel) and Alexander. Photo from June 2008. -
Bell's daughter Elsie May and Gilbert H. Grosvenor, three-quarter length portrait, seated, facing front holding their son, Melville Bell, 1902. -
Bell's daughters Marian Hubbard "Daisy" Bell and Elsie May Bell with governess, 1885. -
Elsie May Bell, c.1881, as a child. -
Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor (1927), son-in-law, husband to Alexander's daughter Elsie May, and president of the National Geographic Society -
Gardiner Greene Hubbard, lawyer, business man, father-in-law to Alexander, father of Mabel Gardiner Hubbard. -
Alexander Graham Bell and his wife, Mabel Gardiner Hubbard, possibly at their Beinn Bhreagh estate, c.1915.
Earlier photos of Bell's ancestral family[edit]
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Bell's parents, Alexander Melville Bell with his wife, Eliza Grace Symonds and their children, Melville James, Alexander Graham (approx. age 5) and Edward Charles, 1852. -
Alexander Melville Bell, father to Alexander Graham. From: The Canadian Album (1891). -
Eliza Grace Symonds, mother to Alexander Graham -
Melville James Bell, elder brother to Alexander Graham, whose death led to the Bell Family's emigration to Canada, c.1870.
Alexander Graham Bell -General photos with other people or groups[edit]
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Alexander Graham Bell with teachers and students of the Scott Circle School for deaf children, posed outdoors in Washington, D.C., 1883. -
Bell at the Pemberton Avenue School for the Deaf, (Boston School for the Deaf), with Rev. Dexter (small jpeg file). -
Dedication of the Bell Telephone Memorial. Family members include: Alexander Graham Bell (middle back row), and in the front row (l to r) Mabel H. Grosvenor (AGB's grand-daughter), Mrs. Alexander Graham Bell (Mabel), and Mrs. Gilbert Grosvenor. (Courtesy: Bell Homestead Society)
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View of the dedication of the Bell Telephone Memorial, erected to commemorate the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in Brantford, Ontario, Canada, in the summer of 1874. (Courtesy: Bell Homestead Society) -
Bell placing the first New York to Chicago telephone call in 1892. Image also appears on cover of Bruce's biography of Bell. -
Reverend Thomas Henderson, Bell family friend and first Bell agent in Canada, who encouraged Bell's father to immigrate to Canada. -
Thomas Selfridge, member of Bell's Aerial Experiment Association, was the first person to die in a powered airplane crash, during a flight with Orville Wright.
Alexander Graham Bell -Inventions[edit]
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The master patent, No. 174,465, of the telephone, awarded to Bell in March 1876. -
Bell on the telephone in New York calling Chicago in 1892. Image also appears on cover of Bruce's biography of Bell.
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Page from Alexander Graham Bell's notebook, March 9,1876. -
Comparison of the illustration of the telephone in Alexander Graham Bell's diaries and Elisha Gray's patent application, March 1876.. -
Bell and Tainter's photophone, of 1880. -
Illustration of a photophone transmitter, showing the path of reflected sunlight, before and after being modulated. -
Illustration of a photophone receiver, depicting the conversion of modulated light to sound. -
Diagram of the Photophone, image is taken from Alexander Graham Bell's 1880 paper. -
Alexander Graham Bell's photophone -technical drawing by Bell, 1888. -
Bell HD-4 Hydrofoil, which once held the world's marine speed record. -
The preserved HD-4 Hydrofoil craft on display at the Alexander Graham Bell Museum, Baddeck, Nova Scotia -
Davenport Car Manufactory Building, 710 Main St., Cambridge, MA. Plaque notes it was part of 1st two-way 'long distance' conversation, 9 Oct. 1876, with Thomas Watson at this place & A.G. Bell at 60 Kilby Street, Boston. Photo taken 2008. -
Washington Post story reprinting Zenas Fisk Wilber's sworn affidavit about who really invented the telephone, May 22, 1886, pg. 1. -
A woodcut illustration of an early wax cylinder phonograph, or graphophone. This machine was called the 'G' model, created by Alexander Graham Bell, Chichester A. Bell, and Sumner Tainter, 1897. -
Graphophone similar to previous image, users turns the cylinder by pumping the treadle, and speaks into the mouthpiece. Recording played back by replacing the mouthpiece with earphones lying on the desk, 1897. -
A rare photo taken at Volta Laboratory showing a sound recording experiment, 1884. -
An early experimental non-magnetic tape recorder invented by the Volta Associates and patented in 1886.jpg -
Aviation pioneer John Alexander Douglas McCurdy at the controls of the AEA Silver Dart, c. July-Aug 1911. -
Crop from previous image, c. July-Aug 1911. -
AEA Silver Dart, designed under Bell's tutelage, c. 1909. -
A standard desk phone c. 1950s, with rotary dial, made by Western Electric for Bell Telephone/AT&T. Photo of July 2008. -
Model of Bell 'Gallows' phone of 1877 (sic), Système Bell collection historique France Télécom, musée des télécommunications de Pleumeur-Bodou. Image of 2006. -
W48 Bakelite Telephone. -
1896 Swedish Telephone. -
Illustrations of Visible Speech codes.
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Alexander Graham Bell -Honors and tributes[edit]
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Bell Telephone Memorial Erected To Commemorate the Invention of the Telephone by Alexander Graham Bell In Brantford, Ontario, in 1874. -
Dedication of the Bell Telephone Memorial. Family members include: Alexander Graham Bell (middle back row), and in the front row (l to r) Mabel H. Grosvenor (AGB's grand-daughter), Mrs. Alexander Graham Bell (Mabel), and Mrs. Gilbert Grosvenor. (Courtesy: Bell Homestead Society)
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A.G. Bell in front of the Bell Telephone Memorial, erected to commemorate the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in Brantford, Ontario, Canada in the summer of 1874. (Courtesy: Bell Homestead Society) -
View of the dedication of the Bell Telephone Memorial, erected to commemorate the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in Brantford, Ontario, Canada, in the summer of 1874. (Courtesy: Bell Homestead Society)
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View of the dedication of the Bell Telephone Memorial, erected to commemorate the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in Brantford, Ontario, Canada, in the summer of 1874. (Courtesy: Bell Homestead Society) -
Bell Telephone Memorial Erected To Commemorate the Invention of the Telephone by Alexander Graham Bell In Brantford, Ontario, in 1874. (Courtesy: Brantford Heritage Inventory, City of Brantford, Ontario, Canada) -
Memorial Erected To Commemorate the Invention of the Telephone by Alexander Graham Bell, In Brantford, Ontario, in 1874 -close up view. (Courtesy: Brantford Heritage Inventory, City of Brantford, Ontario, Canada) -
Bell statue in the front portico of the Brantford, Ontario, Bell Telephone of Canada Building, reminiscent of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. (Courtesy: Brantford Heritage Inventory, City of Brantford, Ontario, Canada) -
Bell Statue in the front portico of the Bell Telephone Building in Brantford, Ontario, The Telephone City, where he conceived of and invented his famous telecommunications device.(Courtesy: Brantford Heritage Inventory, City of Brantford, Ontario, Canada) -
The master patent, No. 174,465, of the telephone from 1876, arguably the most important, and valuable, award Bell received in his lifetime.
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One of the earliest tributes to Bell was being made an Honourary Chief of the Mohawk Nation, by Chief George H. M. Johnson (Deyonhehgon), seated centre (c. 1870). -
Alexander Graham Bell receiving an honourary Doctor of Laws degree (LL.D.) at the University of Edinburgh, 1906. -
The IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal, awarded annually since 1976 for meritorious scientific or engineering achievements in telecommunications. (Photo courtesy: IEEE) -
An interior corridor of the Alexander Graham Bell Museum in Baddeck, Nova Scotia, Canada. -
The Bell Homestead, the Bell Family's first home in Canada, now preserved as a museum to A.G. Bell, opened in 1910. (Photo: Harry Zilber)
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The Bell Homestead museum in Brantford, Ontario, Canada, 2009, was the Bell's first home in Canada (Photo: Harry Zilber) -
Formal invitation from AT&T to Bell to inaugurate the first U.S. transcontinental telephone line, from New York to San Francisco, in 1915. -
1947 Canadian postal stamp honouring Bell on the centenary of his birth. -
Telephone Centennial Issue 13¢ postage stamp tribute to Bell, United States, 1976. -
A 1940 10¢ stamp commemorating Bell, part of the U.S. Post Office's series on inventors. -
First page of the Presidential Decree of 10 November 1881, awarding Bell the Legion of Honour (of France), along with his inspirer, physicist Hermann von Helmholtz (on Pg. 1), and his competitor Thomas Edison -
Page 3 of the Presidential Decree of 10 November 1881, awarding Bell the Legion of Honour. Bell is recipient #2170 at the very top. -
Page 4 of the Presidential Decree of 10 November 1881, competitor Thomas Edison is recipient #1291 (sic) at the very bottom. -
Page 5, signatures for the Presidential Decree. -
Plaque on the Bell Telephone Memorial commemorating the Invention of the Telephone by Alexander Graham Bell, In Brantford, Ontario, in 1874. -
Entrance to Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site of Canada -
Visitor Centre at the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site of Canada in Nova Scotia -
A cairn dedicated to Bell at the National Historic Site -
Plaque commemorating the conception of the telephone in Bell's Brantford, Ontario home in 1874, at the Bell Homestead. -
Plaque commemorating Canada's first telephone company office, established in Brantford, Ontario, 1877.JPG (Photo: Harry Zilber) -
Historical plaque marker on the side of the Franklin School at 13th & K Streets NW in Washington, D.C., marks one of the sites used with Bell's famous invention, the photophone, precursor to optical fibre telecommunications. -
Plaque commemorating the first two-way long distance telephone conversation (see above). -
A birthplace marker at the entrance to Bell's birthhome, in his native Edinburgh, Scotland. -
Alexander Graham Bell's "star" on Canada's Walk of Fame, dedicated in Toronto, Ontario in 2001. Image taken April 2009. -
A plaque placed at Bell's workplace in Boston commemorating the 'birth' of the telephone on June 2, 1875, some 10 months prior to its first intelligible use. -
Plaque at the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Park in Baddeck and the Alexander Graham Bell Museum on the same site. -
Plaque on the exterior wall of the Alexander Graham Bell Museum in Baddeck, Nova Scotia, Canada, not far from his estate Beinn Bhreagh. -
View of the same plaque, with the Henderson Home, Canada's first telephone company business office, in the background. -
Plaque commemorating the first long distance telephone call, received by Bell in Paris, Ontario, Canada on August 10, 1876. -
Another similar plaque -
Plaque commemorating first sound transmissions by Bell and Watson in Boston, 1875 -
Historical marker for the birthplace of the first telephone, Boston, MA. -
The theme of the Seventh International Sand Sculpture Festival in July 2009 was "discoveries". Alexander Graham Bell is shown holding an early long distance phone conversation. -
Bell Telephone Memorial: Humanity sending a message, by Walter Seymour Allward. (Courtesy: Harry Zilber) -
Bell Telephone Memorial: Humanity receiving a message, by Walter Seymour Allward. (Courtesy: Harry Zilber) -
Bell Telephone Memorial: Central bronze casting. (Courtesy: Harry Zilber) -
Bell Telephone Memorial supplementary view. (Courtesy: Harry Zilber) -
Bell Telephone Memorial, "Knowledge, Joy and Sorrow", by Walter Seymour Allward. (Courtesy: Harry Zilber) -
Bell Telephone Memorial supplementary view. (Courtesy: Harry Zilber) (Courtesy: Harry Zilber) -
Bell Telephone Memorial supplementary view. (Courtesy: Harry Zilber) -
Bell Telephone Memorial supplementary view. (Courtesy: Harry Zilber) -
Bell Telephone Memorial supplementary view. (Courtesy: Harry Zilber) -
Bell Telephone Memorial supplementary view. (Courtesy: Harry Zilber) -
Bell Telephone Memorial supplementary view. (Courtesy: Harry Zilber) -
Bell Telephone Memorial supplementary view. (Courtesy: Harry Zilber) -
Bell Telephone Memorial supplementary view. (Courtesy: Harry Zilber) -
Bell Telephone Memorial supplementary view. (Courtesy: Harry Zilber) -
Bell Telephone Memorial supplementary view. (Courtesy: Harry Zilber) -
Bell Telephone Memorial supplementary view. (Courtesy: Harry Zilber) -
Bell Telephone Memorial supplementary view. (Courtesy: Harry Zilber)
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Institutions, Corporate Namesakes, Placenames and Marks[edit]
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The new Bell Canada logo as of 2008. -
Bell Labs Holmdel Complex, an architectural heirloom designed by renowned architect Eero Saarinen. An advanced research lab owned successively by Bell Telephone, AT&T, Lucent, and Alcatel. Photo of 2008. -
Volta Bureau in Georgetown, Washington, D.C., a National Historic Landmark. The building is also known as the Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory, The Bell Carriage House, Bell Laboratory, and the Volta Laboratory. Image from 2008. -
Another view of the Volta Bureau built in 1893 and designated a National Historic Landmark, by the D.C. State Historic Preservation Office. -
An earlier photo of the Volta Bureau, taken by the U.S. National Park Service, in 1969. -
The Bell Edison Telephone Building at 17 & 19 Newhall Street, a 1896 Victorian terracotta structure in Birmingham, England, now offices for architects, May 2006. -
Formerly named Alexander Graham Bell Hall (until July 2008) extends forward from the tall Ellingson Hall's right side, at the "Rochester Institute of Technology" campus. Bell's name and plaque were removed in 2008. Image from June 2006. -
Wider view of previous photo, June 2006. -
Telephone Building entrance, Fourteenth Street, Denver, Colorado, built in 1929, headquarters of Mountain States Telephone and Telegraph Company (now Qwest) until 1984. -
Toll lines and 'telephone plants' of the Northwestern Telephone Exchange Company, 1897. -
Bell Edison logo of the National Telephone Company, at Newhall Street, Birmingham, England. -
Utility access cover labelled Bell System in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Image taken 2008. -
The Michigan Bell Telephone Exchange Building in Detroit, Michigan. Photo of June 2008. -
The Bell Telephone Building, Beaver Hall Hill, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Édifice de la compagnie de Téléphone Bell, Côte du Beaver Hall, Montréal, Québec, Canada. (1931) -
The Bell Telephone of Canada Building of Brantford, Ontario. (Courtesy: Brantford Heritage Inventory, City of Brantford, Ontario, Canada)
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The Henderson Home, Canada's first telephone buisiness office, Brantford, Ontario. .JPG
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The Bell Homestead in Brantford, Ontario, Canada
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A rare photo taken at Volta Laboratory in Washington, D.C., 1884.
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Alexander Graham Bell -Sundry images[edit]
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Mother and Child image taken by A.G. Bell in Ceylon, published in National Geographic Magazine, Vol. 31, 1917. -
The master patent, No. 174,465, of the telephone, awarded to Bell in March 1876.
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An actor portraying Bell speaking into an early model telephone, from a 1923 AT&T promotional film.
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