Category:Media from Takazuka et al. - 10.1051/parasite/2018011
(2018). "The changing use of the ovipositor in host shifts by ichneumonid ectoparasitoids of spiders (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae)". Parasite 25: 17. DOI:10.1051/parasite/2018011. ISSN 1776-1042.
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Keizo Takasuka, Niclas R. Fritzén, Yoshihiro Tanaka, Rikio Matsumoto, Kaoru Maeto and Mark R. Shaw
Abstract
Accurate egg placement into or onto a living host is an essential ability for many parasitoids, and changes in associated phenotypes, such as ovipositor morphology and behaviour, correlate with significant host shifts. Here, we report that in the ichneumonid group of koinobiont spider-ectoparasitoids (“polysphinctines”), several putatively ancestral taxa (clade I here), parasitic on ground-dwelling RTA-spiders (a group characterised by retrolateral tibial apophysis on male palpal tibiae), lay their eggs in a specific way. They tightly bend their metasoma above the spider’s cephalothorax, touching the carapace with the dorsal side of the ovipositor apically (“dorsal-press”). The egg slips out from the middle part of the ventral side of the ovipositor and moves towards its apex with the parted lower valves acting as rails. Deposition occurs as the parasitoid draws the ovipositor backwards from under the egg. Oviposition upon the tough carapace of the cephalothorax, presumably less palatable than the abdomen, is conserved in these taxa, and presumed adaptive through avoiding physical damage to the developing parasitoid. This specific way of oviposition is reversed in the putatively derived clade of polysphinctines (clade II here) parasitic on Araneoidea spiders with aerial webs, which is already known. They bend their metasoma along the spider’s abdomen, grasping the abdomen with their fore/mid legs, pressing the ventral tip of the metasoma and the lower valves of the ovipositor against the abdomen (“ventral-press”). The egg is expelled through an expansion of the lower valves, which is developed only in this clade and evident in most species, onto the softer and presumably more nutritious abdomen.
Media in category "Media from Takazuka et al. - 10.1051/parasite/2018011"
The following 16 files are in this category, out of 16 total.
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Parasite170127-fig 1 (inset) ovipositor Pimplinae Zatypota albicoxa.jpg 1,920 × 1,168; 1,017 KB
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Parasite170127-fig 1 (unlabelled) ovipositor Pimplinae Brachyzapus nikkoensis.jpg 1,920 × 1,168; 1.21 MB
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Parasite170127-fig 2 inset ovipositor Pimplinae - Agelena sivatica.jpg 2,733 × 2,050; 1.21 MB
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Parasite170127-fig 2 inset ovipositor Pimplinae - Parasteatoda tepidariorum.jpg 4,000 × 3,000; 6.15 MB
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Parasite170127-fig 2A (unlabelled) ovipositor Pimplinae Brachyzapus nikkoensis.jpg 5,616 × 3,744; 1.34 MB
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Parasite170127-fig 2B (unlabelled) ovipositor Pimplinae Zatypota albicoxa.jpg 4,290 × 2,900; 1.07 MB
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Parasite170127-fig S1 ovipositor Pimplinae Brachyzapus nikkoensis.gif 3,144 × 3,156; 2.2 MB
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Parasite170127-fig S1 ovipositor Pimplinae Brachyzapus nikkoensis.jpg 1,573 × 1,579; 621 KB
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Parasite170127-fig S2 ovipositor Pimplinae Zatypota albicoxa.gif 3,923 × 3,182; 1.01 MB
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Parasite170127-fig S2 ovipositor Pimplinae Zatypota albicoxa.jpg 1,963 × 1,600; 468 KB
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Parasite170127-fig1 ovipositor Pimplinae.png 4,435 × 2,801; 4.46 MB
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Parasite170127-fig2 ovipositor Pimplinae.png 3,147 × 1,311; 5.13 MB
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Parasite170127-fig3 ovipositor Pimplinae.png 5,282 × 7,005; 3.21 MB
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Parasite170127-fig4 ovipositor Pimplinae TEM.png 2,236 × 2,521; 9.65 MB
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Parasite170127-fig5 ovipositor Pimplinae TEM.png 2,331 × 2,624; 9.23 MB
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Parasite170127-fig6 ovipositor Pimplinae.png 2,814 × 2,109; 9.06 MB