File:Anthropology (1878) (14770368982).jpg

Identifier: Anthropology_829 (find matches)
Title: Anthropology
Year: 1878 (1870s)
Authors: Topinard, Paul
Subjects: Human beings Anthropology
Publisher: London, Chapman and Hall Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott and Co.

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ries of thevisceral cavities. Osteological Considerations. The skeleton of Mammalia—the class of Yertebrata which willalone engage our attention—is composed (1) Of a central axis, con-stituted by the bodies of the vertebras; (2) Of a series of osseousarcs directed backwards, to form, by their aggregation, a largecanal, in which are contained the brain, the cerebellum, and thespinal cord; (3) Of a series of arcs directed forwards, boundingcertain cavities which are occupied, above by the organs ofvision, smell, and taste—then by the central organs of circulationand the lungs—-lower down by the digestive apparatus—and lowerstill by the organs of reproduction; (4) Of the appendages tovarious segments called extremities, the anterior serving, in ageneral way, for prehension, the posterior for locomotion. Frontal Superior MaxillaryInferior Maxillary Clavicle Thorax and Ribs Metatarsus Occipital. Cervical Ver-tebrae. 1st Dorsal Ver-tebrae. Omoplate. Humerus. .Osiliacus of Pel-vis.
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Carpus.Metacarpus. Calcaneum. Phalanges. Fig, 1. Chap, i.) PHYSICAL CHARACTERS. 31 The skeleton is composed in Man of one hundred and eighty-eight bones, exclusive of the patella, a small hone developed in thethick part of the tendons of the principal extensor muscle of thethigh; that is to say, twenty-six for the vertebral column, eight forthe cranium, fourteen for the face, thirty-two for each of the superiorextremities, and thirty for each of the inferior, &c. The twenty-six bones of the vertebral column are divided thus :seven cervical vertebrae; twelve dorsal; five, and sometimes sixlumbar; five or six sacral bones, which, being anchylosed, form thesacrum; and four or five caudal, which, more or less welded to-gether, form the coccyx. To speak correctly, the cranium is formedof three modified vertebras, and is the true commencement of thevertebral column. Every vertebra, whether cervical, dorsal, or lumbar, consists (1) In the centre, of a foramen, through which the cord passAnthropology_829

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