File:Arizona, the wonderland; the history of its ancient cliff and cave dwellings, ruined pueblos, conquest by the Spaniards, Jesuit and Franciscan missions, trail makers and Indians; a survey of its (14592437808).jpg

Identifier: arizonawonderla00jame (find matches)
Title: Arizona, the wonderland; the history of its ancient cliff and cave dwellings, ruined pueblos, conquest by the Spaniards, Jesuit and Franciscan missions, trail makers and Indians; a survey of its climate, scenic marvels, topography, deserts, mountains, rivers and valleys; a review of its industries; an account of its influence on art, literature and science; and some reference to what it offers of delight to the automobilist, sportsman, pleasure and health seeker. By George Wharton James. With a map and sixty plates, of which twelve are in colour
Year: 1917 (1910s)
Authors: James, George Wharton, 1858-1923
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Publisher: Boston Page company
Contributing Library: Robarts - University of Toronto
Digitizing Sponsor: University of Toronto

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ettlementsfor the past four centuries at least. The Apaches roamed andhunted through it; and their rancherias lay aside from the trailswhich crossed from the Gila River to Zuni. In fifteen days a Eu-ropean traveler can cross it on foot; an Indian might do it in shortertime. Zuni lies, not on the border of the timbered mountain region,but within three days march of its northern limit. It can even bereached from Showlow in two days. South of the reservation, theSan Pedro Valley, with its Sobaypuri villages, was the nearest in-habited spot. From this quotation it is evident that Bandelier iden-tifies Cibola as Zuni, a fact which practically all modernstudents are now agreed upon. In accordance with instructions from the Viceroy,that although the whole earth belonged to the Emperor(of Spain), if he saw any land that was particularlygood he was specifically to take possession of it withwhatever formal ceremonies he deemed most appropri-ate, Fray Marcos showed his delight with the San Pedro
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How Fray Marcos Discovered Arizona 39 Valley by making it the object of these solemn cere-monies and taking formal possession of it. Now he follows Stephen through the desert, enter-ing it on the 9th day of May. It was an uninhabitedcountry and that was why it was called a desert, forthere was neither lack of water or food. The Indiansprovided game in abundance. Bandelier takes thesefacts as conclusive evidence that Fray Marcos did notgo by the way of Casa Grande, as some historians havesupposed. He says in a footnote: To reach Zuni from Casa Grande, or from the Gila in its vicinity,requires long and difficult travel. The mountains are rough andcompel long detours. The portion of the Lower Rio Salado betweenthe Tempe Delta on the west and Upper Salt River Valley on theeast is almost impassable. The mountains on both sides, the super-stition Range and the Mas-a-Sar, are rugged, forbidding and veryscantly watered. Beyond the junction of the Arroyo Pinal the head-waters of the Salt River

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