File:Domestic architecture of the American colonies and of the early republic (1922) (14781875842).jpg

Identifier: domesticarchite00kimb (find matches)
Title: Domestic architecture of the American colonies and of the early republic
Year: 1922 (1920s)
Authors: Kimball, Fiske, 1888-1955 New York. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Committee on Education
Subjects: Architecture, Domestic Architecture, Colonial
Publisher: New York, C. Scribner's Sons
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

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first adopted by Jefferson in thefourth pavilion to be built, begun in 1819. By 1822 three such temples, the Pa-vilions I, II (figure 137), and IV were completed,1 each with four columns acrossthe front. It was not long before the new example began to be followed in some of themost pretentious houses elsewhere, even though they did not share the same semi-public functions or the same didactic purpose. George Hadfield, whose training 1 For the documents and drawings concerning the design and building of the university, see Kimball,Thomas Jefferson, Architect, pp. 74-77, 186-192; W. A. Lambeth, Thomas Jefferson as an Architect(I9I3)- l8o HOUSES OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC in Rome had given him a preference for a single colossal order, already evident inhis proposals for the Capitol, carried out before his death in 1826, the portico ofArlington, with a front of six Greek columns of enormous massiveness, modelledon those of the great temple at Paestum (figure 138). Disproportionate as it seems
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Figure 141. Wilson house, Ann Arbor, Michigan. After 1836 from near at hand, no other house than Arlington could carry so well across theriver to the city, Washington, or so well hold its own at the other end of a com-position from the Capitol. The extreme step in the imitation of the temple, the adoption of a peristyleinstead of merely a prostyle arrangement, was taken by Nicholas Biddle in rebuild- 181 AMERICAN DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE ing his country house, Andalusia, in 1834-1836. Biddle had been in his youth thefirst American to travel in Greece,1 and was deeply interested in the fine arts. Inhis magazine, the Port Folio, in 1814 had appeared an essay, On Architecture,by George Tucker, urging an uncompromising imitation of Grecian architecture.2For the Bank of the United States, of which Biddle became a director in 1819and president in 1823, Latrobe had presented in 1818 a design based on the Par-

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