File:Essentials of physiology, arranged in the form of questions and answers, prepared especially for students of medicine (1899) (14581424670).jpg

Identifier: essentialsofphys00hare (find matches)
Title: Essentials of physiology, arranged in the form of questions and answers, prepared especially for students of medicine
Year: 1899 (1890s)
Authors: Hare, H. A. (Hobart Amory), 1862-1931 Raymond, Joseph H. (Joseph Howard), 1845-1915, ed
Subjects: Physiology
Publisher: Philadelphia, Saunders
Contributing Library: Columbia University Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons

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tro-intestinal tract carries on thegreatest amount of absorption?The upper half of the small intestine. What is the position of the lacteal ? It lies in the axis of the villus, and is surrounded by a blood-vessel and a vein. The lacteals anastomose in the sub-adenoidtissue of the gut, and finally form lymphatic networks whichend in the receptaculum chyli, the beginning of the thoracicduct which opens into the subclavian vein on the left side nearthe junction of the jugular. The villi are possessed of unstripedmuscular fibres, which aid in emptying the lacteal, and the nerveswhich supply them are derived from Meissners plexus. What three forces are at work in the absorption of digestedfood? Endosmosis, diffusion, and filtration. ABSORPTION. 75 What do you mean by endosmosis and diffusion ? Endosinosis is the change which occurs between two fluids whichare capable of forming an intimate mixture with each other throughan animal membrane, but never between two fluids which do not Fig. 11.
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Villus, with capillaries injected, showing their close relation to epithelium, some of thecells f which axe distended with mucus. (Cadiat.) form a perfect mixture, such as oil and water. Diffusion is tin-mixing of two liquids placed one over the other in a vessel withoutthe presence of a septum. What is the law in regard to the diffusion of crystalloidsand colloids?Crystalloids will diffuse into colloids, but colloids will not diffuse 76 ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY. into crystalloids. Filtration occurs in the small intestine simplyby the pressure which is exerted upon the fluid by the contractionof the walls, and also by a negative pressure or suction producedby the villi. What is the influence of the nervous system on absorption ? Our knowledge is limited, but it has been found that after extir-pation of the semilunar ganglion of Budge, or section of the mesen-teric nerves, the intestinal contents became very fluid, which maybe due to diminished absortion. ANIMAL HEAT. Wha

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