File:Evolution and disease (1890) (14577375210).jpg

Identifier: evolutiondisease00blan (find matches)
Title: Evolution and disease
Year: 1890 (1890s)
Authors: Bland-Sutton, John, Sir, 1855-1936
Subjects: Diseases Medical genetics Abnormalities, Human Animals Disease Congenital Abnormalities
Publisher: New York : Scribner & Welford
Contributing Library: Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons and Harvard Medical School

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a tumour containing fluid or semi-fluid contents resulting from the dilatation of a pre-existingcavity. Tumours conforming to this definition arise in differentways. For instance, many organs such as the kidneys,liver, salivary glands, and the like, are furnished with aduct, or series of ducts, whereby the fluid secreted bythem is conveniently discharged. If from any cause thefluid be prevented from escaping after it has beensecreted, it will distend the ducts until they becomedilated into large reservoirs, or retention-cysts, as theyare termed. This is well illustrated in the case ofthe kidneys represented in fig. 116. The drawingshows the kidneys with their ducts (ureters) and theurinary bladder of a terrier. The bladder contains two TUMOURS AND CANCERS. 229 large and two small calculi. One calculus is lodged inthe lower end of the left ureter, obstructing it. In con-sequence of this, the retained fluid has dilated the ureter,and the pressure has induced absorption of the secreting
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Fig. 116.—The kidneys, ureters, and bladder of a Terrier.The bladder contains calculi, one of which, C, obstructsthe left ureter, and has induced a cystic condition of thekidney. (Mus. Royal College of Surgeons.) tissue of the corresponding kidney, which has becometransformed into a hollow bag, or cyst, filled with fluid.This condition of the kidney will arise from any causeobstructing the free flow of urine. 23o E VOLUTION AND DISEASE. The bodies of animals contain cavities unprovidedwith ducts : occasionally fluid exudes into such cavitiesand dilates them into tumours. Such are termed exuda-tion cysts. These have little interest for us. The bodies of complex animals contain many ductsand passages which were presumably functional in theirremote ancestors, but are functionless in existing forms.Such are collectively known as obsolete canals. Thesecanals are occasionally distended with fluid and formtumours often of large size. This group is of great im-portance to us, as the germs o

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