File:Image from page 91 of "Water reptiles of the past and present" (1914) (14770639414).jpg

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Identifier: waterreptilesofp1914will Title: Water reptiles of the past and present Year: 1914 (1910s) Authors: Williston, Samuel Wendell, 1851-1918 Subjects: Aquatic reptiles Publisher: Chicago, Ill., The University of Chicago Press Contributing Library: Boston Public Library Digitizing Sponsor: Boston Public Library


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Text Appearing Before Image: 8o WATER REPTILES OF THE PAST AND PRESENT Often the vertebrae are short throughout the vertebral column;sometimes the posterior cervicals and the dorsals are elongatedand very robust. The trunk or body proper was never muchelongated in the plesiosaurs, having only from twenty-five to thirtyvertebrae. The tail was always shorter than the trunk, and ittapered rapidly to the extremity; in some specimens it has beenobserved to turn up slightly near the extremity, as though for thesupport of a small terminal fin. The ribs in the cervical region are short, but so locked togetherposteriorly as not to permit much lateral motion. They are

Text Appearing After Image: Fig. 34.—Cervical vertebrae, from the side and behind, and dorsal vertebra fromin front of Polycotylus, a Cretaceous plesiosaur: az, anterior zygapophysis; pz, pos-terior zygapophysis, r, r, r, cervical ribs; d, articulation of dorsal rib. sometimes double-headed in the neck, sometimes single-headed, butboth heads when present articulate or are attached to the body ofthe vertebrae, distinguishing them at once from those of otheranimals, except the ichthyosaurs. In the dorsal region the ribsare attached high on the arch to the extremity of the stout trans-verse processes by a single head, very much as they are in somecetaceans, and quite unlike the condition in any other knownreptile. They end freely below, having no attachment to abreast bone or other bony parts. Because of their shape andposition as frequently found, the body in life must have been flat-tened from above downward, and broad; indeed, this shape is SAUROPTERYGIA 81 quite certain because of the very broad expanse of th


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Source Image from page 91 of "Water reptiles of the past and present" (1914)
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