File:Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and at the period of the Renaissance (1870) (14598524837).jpg

Identifier: gri_33125008050011 (find matches)
Title: Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and at the period of the Renaissance
Year: 1870 (1870s)
Authors: Jacob, P. L., 1806-1884
Subjects: Middle Ages Civilization, Medieval Civilization, Renaissance Costume Military art and science Christian life
Publisher: London : Bickers & Son
Contributing Library: Getty Research Institute
Digitizing Sponsor: Getty Research Institute

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vidual, for with them society, as a whole, was everything, itsunit, nothing. The modern duel, whether it be considered a brutal andspeedy method of settling private quarrels, or a proper act of submissionto the divine will which cannot fail to crown right with success, springsfrom the strong individuality of barbarism, and from the personal tendencyof savage dignity and independence. This strange confusion of ideas relative to victory and innocence, to might 156 CHIVALRY. and right, first gave rise to trial by ordeal, or the judgment of God, whichincluded ordeal by fire, by boiling water, by the cross, and by the sword, towhich women, and even princesses, were subjected. Mankind, in the sim-plicity of its belief, appealed to God, the sovereign judge, and implored Himto grant strength and victory to the just cause. Trial by ordeal fell intodiscredit about the time of Charlemagne, and was superseded, towards thelatter half of the twelfth century, by the judicial duel. The institution of
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Fig. 125.—Fight between Baymbault de Morueil and Gruyon de Losenne. The Abbot of St. Denisat the feet of the Archbishop of Paris, taking oath that his cause, defended by Baymbault, isa just one.—Fac-simile of a Miniature in the Romance of Charles Martel, enlarged byDavid Aubert. Manuscript of the Fifteenth Century, in the Burgundian Library, Brussels. chivalry favoured this hasty method of decision, which was in accordancewith the manners and ideas of the period. Questions which otherwise wouldhave been difficult to solve were thus abruptty settled, and from these bloodydecisions there was no appeal. In some countries, indeed, the judge whohad decided between two antagonists had himself to submit to the judgmentof God, as represented by the judicial duel, and was forced to come downfrom his judgment-seat and contend in arms against the criminal he had just CHIVALRY. *57 condemned. On the other hand, however, it mustjbe said that the judge, inhis turn, possessed the privilege of ch

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