File:Phylogenetic analysis of living and extinct hystricognathous rodents (Sallam et al. 2011).png

English: Phylogenetic analysis of living and extinct hystricognathous rodents, based on 118 morphological characters, largely from the dentition. A) Adams consensus tree derived from unconstrained parsimony analysis with some multistate characters ordered and scaled; branches with dotted lines break down in the strict consensus tree. Consensus trees are based on 31 equally parsimonious trees of length 458.12502; consistency index excluding uninformative characters = 0.2959; retention index = 0.6046; rescaled consistency index = 0.1854. B) Strict consensus tree based on 31 equally parsimonious tree recovered from parsimony analysis with caviomorph monophyly constrained (backbone constraint shown to the right of the tree); tree length = 459.87502; consistency index excluding uninformative characters = 0.2948; retention index = 0.6024; rescaled consistency index = 0.1841. Taxa labelled as “Cav” in (A) are universally considered to be fossil members of Caviomorpha. On both trees, numbers above branches are bootstrap support values based on 1000 replicates; “*” indicates bootstrap support of 100. Biogeographic histories are based on parsimony optimizations of an unordered biogeographic character with four states (Asia, Afro-Arabia, South America, Europe) onto the Adams consensus tree (a) and strict consensus (b).