File:Primary decomposition products of an eastern bituminous coal on fractional carbonization (1920) (14784776462).jpg

Identifier: primarydecomposi00hans (find matches)
Title: Primary decomposition products of an eastern bituminous coal on fractional carbonization
Year: 1920 (1920s)
Authors: Hansen, James Edward
Subjects: Coal Bituminous coal Theses
Publisher:
Contributing Library: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Digitizing Sponsor: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

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nd water were collected in a side-armtest tube1 attached to the one-eighth inch delivery pipe from theretort. The test tube was surrounded with cold water to condenseout the lighter portions of the gas. A U-tube filled with calcium chloride was next in thetrain, designed to catch any residual moisture remaining in thegas. A water manometer next in the train indicated the press-ure in the retort. A second calcium chloride tube in the train was designedto prevent any moisture coming back from the wash bottles. An SJrlenmeyer flask containing an acid solution ofcopper sulphate washed the gas given off during carbonization andremoved ammonia and hydrogen sulphide. All the remaining gas was tnen collected in a twelveliter aspirator bottle over a saturated salt solution, and at theend of the run put under exactly atmospheric pressure by means ofthe leveling bottle and a water manometer at the top of thecollector, the volume of the gas being determined by the volumeof the solution displaced.
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9 2. Temperature Control and Measurement. The temperature of the retort and furnace was controlledby an external resistance or rheostat of ni-ehrome wire. After car-bonization reactions started within the coal the temperature wasraised at a uniform rate of 40°-45°C. per hour. It was foundpossible to do this with only a difference in temperature betweenthe outside and inside of the retort of 50°C. In test runs up to a temperature of 350°C. the temper-ature was measured by two ordinary mercury thermometers, oneinserted in the furnace next to the retort wall, and the otherinserted in the thermocouple pocket in the center of the retort.Above 350°C. the temperature was measured by two Iron-Constantanthermocouples, constructed and standardized in the laboratory.Copper-Constantan thermocouples were first tried, but due to therapid oxidation of the copper element at high temperatures theywere found to be unsatisfactory. The Iron-Constantan thermocouples were made of No. 32wire (B & Sprimarydecomposi00hans

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