File:Temperature reconstruction last two millennia cs.svg

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English: Temperatures with respect to the 1850–1900 mean over the last 2 millennia (blue) and observational estimates ranging from 1850 to 2020 (black). The shaded region contains the 68% confidence interval. The temperature anomalies are from the 2019 Nature Geoscience paper by the Pages2k Consortium.[1] using a wide set of proxies that have been vetted by the same consortium.[2] They include tree ring data, data from corals and ice core data.

The confidence interval incorporates two sources of uncertainty. The first one derives from the the method of translating information in the proxies into temperatures. Seven different peer-reviewed methods are employed and all considered equally likely in the figure. The methods range from a simple linear method where proxies sensitivities are fitted to the observational to determine past temperature, to more complicated methods in which information about spatial patterns is taken into account, or information about natural forcing is taken into account.

The second type of uncertainty is in the selection of proxies. Some proxies might not be entirely reliable and their inclusion might slightly bias the reconstruction. By randomly selecting a subset of proxies, this uncertainty can be quantified.

Code to create the figure is adapted from the Nature Geosciences paper[1] and can be found on https://figshare.com/collections/Global_mean_temperature_reconstructions_over_the_Common_Era/4507043. The figure is a simplification of Fig 1a from this paper. Individual reconstruction methods are not shown.

The observational data is HadCRUT5, plotted with a ten-year running mean.[3]

references

  1. ↑ a b PAGES 2k Consortium (2019). "Consistent multidecadal variability in global temperature reconstructions and simulations over the Common Era". Nature Geosciences 12. DOI:10.1038/s41561-019-0400-0.
  2. ↑ Pages2k Consortium (2017). "A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era". Scientific Data 4: 170088. DOI:10.1038/sdata.2017.88. ISSN 2052-4463.
  3. ↑ C.P. Morice et al (2021). "An Updated Assessment of Near-Surface Temperature Change From 1850: The HadCRUT5 Data Set". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 126 (3): e2019JD032361. DOI:10.1029/2019JD032361. ISSN 2169-8996.
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Source Own work
Author Femke Nijsse, Czech translation Jirka Dl
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The above two-millennia chart is included in the following composites:

  • 800,000-, 2,000-, 139-year global average temperature.png
    800,000-, 2,000-, 139-year global average temperature.png
  • 2,000- and 139-year global average temperature.png
    2,000- and 139-year global average temperature.png

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