File:The American botanist and florist; including lessons in the structure, life, and growth of plants; together with a simple analytical flora, descriptive of the native and cultivated plants growing in (14782148512).jpg

Identifier: americanbotani00wood (find matches)
Title: The American botanist and florist; including lessons in the structure, life, and growth of plants; together with a simple analytical flora, descriptive of the native and cultivated plants growing in the Atlantic division of the American union
Year: 1870 (1870s)
Authors: Wood, Alphonso, 1810-1881
Subjects: Botany
Publisher: New York, Chicago, A.S. Barnes & company
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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ered, we find each organ here foldedin ways similar to those of the leaf-bud; that is, the sepal orthe petal may be convolute, involute, revohtte, etc., terms alreadydefined. Collectively considered, the aestivation of the floweroccurs in four general modes with their variations—the valvate,the contorted, imbricate, and plicate. 337. In valvate aestivation the pieces meet by their mar-gins without any overlapping; as in the sepals of the Mallow,petals of Hydrangea, valves of a capsule. The following va- METAMORPHOSIS OF THE FLOWER. 113 rieties of the valvate occur: Induplicate, where each piece is in-volute—i. e., has its two margins bent or rolled inward, as inClematis; or reduplicate^ when each piece is revolute—havingits margins bent or rolled outward, as in the sepals of Althearosea (419, 420). i 338. Contorted aestivation is where each piece overlapsits neighbor, all in the same direction, appearing as if twistedtogether, as in Phlox, Flax, Oleander (421). 418422 ^.^m^. 420
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418-425, Modes of ajstivation. 424, Petals of the Wall-flower. 339. Imbricated aestivation (imbrex^ a tile) is a term re-stricted to those modes in which one or more of the petals orsepals is wholly outside, overlapping two others by both itsmargins. This kind of aestivation naturally results from thespiral arrangements so common in phyllotaxy, while the valvateand contorted seem identified with the opposite or whorled ar-rangement. The principal varieties are the following : The Qiiin-cuncial^ consisting of five leaves, two of which are wholly with-out, two wholly within, and one partly both, or one margin out,the other in, as in the Kose family (422). This accompaniesthe tico-Ji/ths cycle in phyllotaxy, and corresponds preciselywith it, each quincunx being in fact a cycle with its internodessuppressed. (See fig. 300, and § 266.) The Triquetrous^ con-sisting of three leaves in each set, one of which is outside, oneinside, and the third partly both, as in Tulip, Erythronium,agreeing

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