File:The Americana; a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world (1908) (14596417938).jpg

Identifier: americanaunivers07newy (find matches)
Title: The Americana; a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world
Year: 1908 (1900s)
Authors:
Subjects: Encyclopedias and dictionaries
Publisher: New York : Scientific American Compiling Dept.
Contributing Library: University of California Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Internet Archive

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e entirely ofmetal, chiefly bronze. The after end of the gaffis called the peak.» because it is usually raisedmuch higher than the jaws when the sail is set.The ropes used in hoisting and lowering thegaflf are called halyards.) the rope for raisingthe peak being designated the «peak-halyard»and that near the «jaws» or throati thethroat-halyard, spankers and trysailsare the only ones which have gaffs in square-rigged ships, but these gaflts do not ordinarilylower or hoist and in place of jaws have eyeletsholding the forward end to the mast or to atraveler working on a batten to the mast. Thelatter method, however, is preferable as thegaft m.iy be lowered when the sail is reefed. Gag-rules, a series of rules adopted 1836-44by the House of Representatives, to pre-vent the reception of anti-slavery petitions andcheck the possibility of debate on the subject.No other measure created more virulent de-bate. The Constitution forbids Congress topass any law abridging the right of the peo-
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LYMAX JUDSOX (lAGE EX-SECRETARV, f. S. TREASlKV GAGE —GAHNITE pie to petition tlie government for a redress ofgrievances, and impliedlj- to refuse to receivepetitions, as an unheard petition is a nullity.From 1831 on, the abolition societies rained pe-titions on Congress, urging the abolition ofslavery in the District of Columbia, over whichit had complete legislative power. They werereferred to the commitee on the District, whichat first reported adversely, then ceased to reportat all, despite complaints. The 24th Congress,1835-6, laid them on the table instead; but inboth Houses there soon arose an outcry to barthem from congressional cognizance alto-gether. In the Senate, Calhoun on 7 Jan. 1836moved not to receive two such petitions, on theground that the South must in the end be wornout and degraded by having constantly to justifyits institutions, before a body which had nojurisdiction over them anywhere; but after twomonths debate, it was voted to receive them andthey were imme

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