File:The modern world, from Charlemagne to the present time; with a preliminary survey of ancient times (1919) (14594523609).jpg

Identifier: modernworldfromc00bett (find matches)
Title: The modern world, from Charlemagne to the present time; with a preliminary survey of ancient times
Year: 1919 (1910s)
Authors: Betten, Francis S. (Francis Sales), 1863-1942 Kaufmann, Alfred, 1878-1941, joint author
Subjects: History, Modern
Publisher: Boston, New York, (etc.) Allyn and Bacon
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: Sloan Foundation

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eror Francis Joseph andhis leading statesmen seemed to know only one remedy of themany ills of the Danubian monarchy, to restrict as far as possiblethe rights of the various nationalities. The government madeitself especially odious by its attacks upon the various languagesof Austria- Hungary and its attempts to Germariize the schools,the press, and the courts. When, however, the defeat of 1859 Revealed widespread dis-satisfaction, particularly among the Bohemians and Hungarians,the emperor awoke to the necessity of conciliating these prov-inces. Liberal reforms were begun, and a sort of parliamentarysystem of government was adopted. But Hungary remainedsullen, and after the next Austrian defeat at Sadowa (§ 706) itbecame necessary to satisfy that country at any cost. Theemperor and Francis Deak, the Hungarian leader, arranged acompact (1867), which was then ratified by the Hungarian andAustrian parliaments. This compact formed, until recently,the constitution of Austria-Hungary. 768
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§795) RACIAL STRIFE IN AUSTRIA 769 794. Austria-Hungary thereby became a dual monarchy, afederation of two states. Each state had its own constitution,its own parHament, its own system of law and local government.The two had the same monarch, who was emperor in Austriaand king in Hungary, and whose powers differed in the twostates. Moreover, each state had its own ministry, but therewas a common minister of war, of finance, and of foreign re-lations. There was a common army, but besides this each statemaintained a kind of territorial reserve (the Landwehr in x\ustriaand the Honved in Hungary). There was a curious kind ofcommon parliament, the Delegations. In reality this consistedof two committees, each comprising sixty members, the onechosen by the Austrian parliament, the other by the Hungarian.They met one year at Vienna, the next at Budapest. If thetwo bodies disagreed, equal numbers from the two met and settledthe matter by vote, without debate. The chief purpose of theseDelegat

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