File:Timber trees and forests of North Carolina (1897) (14586667578).jpg

Identifier: timbertreesfores01pinc (find matches)
Title: Timber trees and forests of North Carolina
Year: 1897 (1890s)
Authors: Pinchot, Gifford, 1865-1946 Ashe, W. W. (William Willard), 1872-1932, joint author
Subjects: Trees Forests and forestry
Publisher: Winston, M. I. & J. C. Stewart, public printers
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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iles, posts, railroad ties,etc. Spruce beer is made from this species. The largest bodies of spruce, in North Carolina, are on theBlack mountains in Yancey county. Grandfather mountain inWatauga, the Balsam mountains in Haywood, and the GreatSmoky mountains in Swain county. Tsuga canadensis, Carriei-e. (hemlock, spruce pine.) A large tree, with a large conical crown, numerous spreadingbranches, and dark red-brown deeplj^ furrowed bark, reaching aheight of 110 and a diameter of 6 feet. (Plate XIX.) It occurs generally on northern slopes from Nova Scotia tonorthern Wisconsin, and south to Delaware, Michigan, centralWisconsin, and along the Appalachian mountains to Alabama ;reaching its best development in the high mountains of NorthCarolina and Tennessee. In North Carolina, where it attains an average height of 70 to80 and an average diameter of 2 to 3 feet, it is common in themountains in cool ravines along streams on loamy or rich vegeta- N. C. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 6. PLATE XIX.
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HEMLOCK CAROLINA HEMLOCK. HEMLOCK. SPRUCE ITNE. 135 ble soil, associated with cherry birch, yellow birc^h, and theKhododendron. (Fig. 35, p. 123.) It bears seed frequently, and young seedlings are coninion inthe shade of the old trees. The hemlock is very free from theattack of injnrions insects. Tall trees in exposed situations areoften thrown by the wind. The dark green leaves are linear, flat, obtuse, two-ranked, andwhitish beneath. The cones are small, oval or oblong, with thescales smooth and entire. The hemlock has numerous spreadinglateral and superficial roots. The wood is light, soft, not strong, brittle, coarse and crooked-grained, difficult to work, liable to windshake and splinter, andnot durable ; light brown or often nearly white in color ; the sap-w^ood somewhat darker. Commercially two varieties, the redand the white, are recognized. The coarse lumber is used forconstruction, outside finish, and railroad ties. The bark is extensively employed for tanning, and yields a

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