User:Wilson44691

Crinoid columnals (Isocrinus nicoleti) in a biosparite/grainstone from the Middle Jurassic Carmel Formation at Mount Carmel Junction, Utah. Scale in mm.

Ooids in thin-section; Carmel Formation (Middle Jurassic) of southern Utah.

Ooids on the surface of a limestone; Carmel Formation (Middle Jurassic) of southern Utah.

Gastrochaenolites borings in a Middle Jurassic hardground, Carmel Formation, southern Utah.

Cross-section of a carbonate hardground encrusted by oysters and bored by bivalves (Gastrochaenolites); Carmel Formation (Middle Jurassic) of southern Utah.

Ordovician limestones, Tennessee.

Cross-section of a Jurassic rockground; borings include Gastrochaenolites (some with boring bivalves in place) and Trypanites; Mendip Hills, England.

Cross-section of an Upper Ordovician hardground from Ohio. The light-colored vertical elements are Trypanites borings filled with dolomite.

A Middle Ordovician hardground from Utah with echinoderm holdfasts cemented to its upper surface.

Cretaceous hardground from Texas with encrusting oysters and borings.

Carbonate hardground with encrusting bryozoan; Kanosh Formation (Middle Ordovician) of Utah; scale in mm.

Portland Admiralty Roach from a quarry face on the Isle of Portland, Dorset.

Holocene eolianite on Long Island, Bahamas.

Oncolites in the Alamo impact breccia (Guilmette Formation, Late Devonian, Frasnian) near Hancock Summit, Pahranagat Range, Nevada.

Atlantic shore of Long Island, The Bahamas.

Northern rocky shore of Great Inagua exposing Pleistocene reefal limestones.

Concretion from the Cretaceous of western South Dakota.

A broken concretion with fossils inside; Late Cretaceous near Ekalaka, Montana.

Coquina from Florida. The scale bar is in mm.

Close-up of coquina from Florida.

Bioclasts in an Ordovician limestone; T = trilobite; E = echinoderm (crinoid).

Scientific papers on hardgrounds by period. Serves as a proxy for hardground abundance over time. Calcite and aragonite sea intervals are plotted on the time axis.

Eemian erosion surface in a fossil coral reef on Great Inagua, The Bahamas. Foreground shows corals truncated by erosion; behind the geologist is a post-erosion coral pillar which grew on the surface after sea level rose again.

Middle and Upper Triassic shallow marine sequence, Makhtesh Ramon, Israel.

Middle Triassic marginal marine sequence, southwestern Utah.

Sand blowing on the Kelso Dunes, California.

Loess deposits in northern Patagonia, Argentina.

Heavy minerals (dark) in a quartz beach sand (Chennai, India).

Basal conglomerate from the Cambrian of the Black Hills, South Dakota.

Badlands of Hell's Half-Acre in Natrona County, Wyoming.

Sand dune on the Sinai Peninsula.

Centripetal mudcracks in the Lower Jurassic Moenave Formation at the St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site at Johnson Farm, southwestern Utah.

Sand from Pismo Beach, California.

Sand from Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park, Utah.

Wadi sediments from the Barstow Formation (Miocene), Rainbow Basin, California.

Cross-section through a sample of the Old Red Sandstone showing quartz and chert pebbles; central England; scale bar is 10 mm.

Bedding plane of Old Red Sandstone with quartz and chert pebbles; central England; scale bar is 10 mm.

Holocene wadi deposits in a modern wadi north of Phoenix, Arizona.

Outcrop of Ordovician oil shale (kukersite), northern Estonia.

Cretaceous laterite exposed in Makhtesh Gadol, Israel.

Salt crystal cast in the Carmel Formation (Middle Jurassic), southwestern Utah.

Cobble encrusted with halite from the western shore of the Dead Sea, Israel.

Pebbles cemented with halite on the western shore of the Dead Sea, Israel.

Ripplemarks in a siltstone (Carmel Formation, Middle Jurassic, near Gunlock, Utah).

Banded Iron Formation specimen from Upper Michigan.

Oxford Clay (Jurassic) exposed near Weymouth, England.

Close-up of granite in Chennai, India.

Obsidian talus, Obsidian Dome, California.

Holocene volcano near Veyo, Utah.

Cinders from a Pleistocene cinder cone, San Bernardino Valley, southeastern Arizona.

Spherulites in rhyolitic ash, Hailstone Trail, Echo Canyon, Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona.

Hoodoos of rhyolite in Chiricahua National Monument, southeastern Arizona.

Gabbroic xenolith in a granite; eastern Sierra Nevada, Rock Creek Canyon, California.

Gabbro as a xenolith in a granite, eastern Sierra Nevada, Rock Creek Canyon, California.

Potassium feldspar crystals in a granite, eastern Sierra Nevada, Rock Creek Canyon, California.

Pegmatitic granite, Rock Creek Canyon, eastern Sierra Nevada, California.

Gabbro specimen; Rock Creek Canyon, eastern Sierra Nevada, California.

Close-up of gabbro specimen; Rock Creek Canyon, eastern Sierra Nevada, California.

Mississippian marble in Big Cottonwood Canyon, Wasatch Mountains, Utah.

Rainbow Basin Syncline near Barstow, California.

Fossil Mountain, Utah; Ordovician shales and limestones.

Natural arch in Timna Valley, Negev Desert, Israel.

Timna Valley, Negev Desert, Israel.

Ramon Fault on the southern side of Makhtesh Ramon, Israel.

Northern coast of Saaremaa, Estonia.

Raised beach on the northern coast of Saaremaa, Estonia.

Wave-cut platforms from Lake Bonneville preserved on Antelope Island, Great Salt Lake, Utah.

U-shaped valley carved by a glacier; Little Cottonwood Creek Valley, Wasatch Mountains, Utah.

Natural Bridge at Bryce Canyon National Park. Actually an arch.

Carmel Formation (Middle Jurassic) near Gunlock, southwestern Utah. The dark unit at the top is the equivalent of the Cretaceous Dakota conglomerate.

Carmel Formation (Middle Jurassic) exposed at Gunlock Reservoir, southwestern Utah.

Late Cretaceous cold seep deposit in the Pierre Shale, southwest South Dakota.

Eemian erosion surface in a fossil coral reef on Great Inagua, The Bahamas. Foreground shows corals truncated by erosion; behind the geologist is a post-erosion coral pillar which grew on the surface after sea level rose again.

Disconformity with the Lower Cretaceous Edwards Formation overlying a Lower Permian limestone; hiatus is about 165 million years; Texas.

Trona Pinnacles, California.

Distorted limestones from the Alamo impact (Late Devonian, Frasnian) in the Irish Range, Nevada.

Landscape showing Alamo impact breccia (Late Devonian, Frasnian) near Hancock Summit, Pahranagat Range, Nevada.

Close-up of Alamo impact breccia (Late Devonian, Frasnian) near Hancock Summit, Pahranagat Range, Nevada.

Alamo impact breccia (Late Devonian, Frasnian) near Hancock Summit, Pahranagat Range, Nevada.

Alamo impact breccia (Late Devonian, Frasnian) near Hancock Summit, Pahranagat Range, Nevada.

Top of the Alamo impact breccia (Late Devonian, Frasnian) near Hancock Summit, Pahranagat Range, Nevada.

Calcitic spherulites from the Alamo bolide impact deposits in the Irish Range, Nevada.

Sand crystal.

Cannel coal from the Pennsylvanian of NE Ohio.

Helminthopsis ichnosp.; a trace fossil from the Logan Formation (Lower Carboniferous) of Wooster, Ohio.

Thalassinoides burrows produced by crustaceans; Middle Jurassic, Makhtesh Qatan, southern Israel.

Asteriacites, a trace fossil of an ophiuroid echinoderm; Carmel Formation, near Gunlock, Utah; scale bar is 10 mm.

Skolithos trace fossil. Scale bar is 10 mm.

Rusophycus trace fossil from the Ordovician of southern Ohio. Scale bar is 10 mm.

Zoophycos trace fossil from the Mississippian of northern Kentucky. Scale bar is 5.0 cm.

Viburnum lesquereuxii leaf with insect damage; Dakota Sandstone (Cretaceous) of Ellsworth County, Kansas. Scale bar is 10 mm.

Catellocaula vallata bioclaustration; Ordovician of Ohio.

Cretaceous hardground from Texas with encrusting oysters and borings. The scale bar is 1.0 cm.

Gastrochaenolites borings in a Middle Jurassic hardground, southern Utah.

Cross-section of a carbonate hardground encrusted by oysters and bored by bivalves (Gastrochaenolites); Carmel Formation (Middle Jurassic) of southern Utah.

Numerous borings in a Cretaceous cobble, Faringdon, England.

Petroxestes borings in an Upper Ordovician hardground, southern Ohio.

Trypanites borings in an Upper Ordovician hardground, southeastern Indiana.

Sponge borings and encrusters on a modern bivalve shell, North Carolina.

Cross-section of a Jurassic rockground; borings include Gastrochaenolites (some with boring bivalves in place) and Trypanites; Mendip Hills, England; scale bar = 1 cm.

Trypanites borings in an Upper Ordovician hardground from northern Kentucky.

Trypanites borings in an Upper Ordovician hardground from northern Kentucky. The borings are filled with diagenetic dolomite (yellowish). Note that the boring on the far right cuts through a shell in the matrix.

Teredolites borings in a modern wharf piling; the work of bivalves known as "shipworms".

Cross-section of mammoth footprints at The Mammoth Site, Hot Springs, South Dakota.

Eubrontes, a dinosaur footprint in the Lower Jurassic Moenave Formation at the St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site at Johnson Farm, southwestern Utah.

Gigandipus, a dinosaur footprint in the Lower Jurassic Moenave Formation at the St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site at Johnson Farm, southwestern Utah.

Cameloid footprint (convex hyporelief) from the Barstow Formation (Miocene) of Rainbow Basin, California.

Diplichnites, trilobite walking traces. Devonian of northeastern Ohio.

The Ordovician cystoid Echinosphaerites aurantium from northeastern Estonia.

Thallograptus sphaericola, a dendroid graptolite, attached to the cystoid Echinosphaerites aurantium; Ordovician of northeastern Estonia.

A Middle Ordovician hardground from Utah with echinoderm holdfasts cemented to its upper surface.

Cross-section of a carbonate hardground encrusted by oysters and bored by bivalves (Gastrochaenolites); Carmel Formation (Middle Jurassic) of southern Utah.

Jurassic crinoid stems from Makhtesh Gadol in southern Israel.

Prasopora, a trepostome bryozoan from the Ordovician of Iowa.

Fossils in Ordovician oil shale (kukersite), northern Estonia.

College of Wooster students collecting fossils; Ordovician of Indiana.

Ordovician bryozoans from Indiana.

Crinoid external molds; Logan Formation, Mississippian, Ohio.

Aviculopecten subcardiformis from the Logan Formation, Mississippian, Ohio.

Syringothyris sp.; a spiriferid brachiopod from the Logan Formation (Lower Carboniferous) of Wooster, Ohio (internal molds).

Gastropod and attached mytilid bivalves on a Jurassic limestone bedding plane in southern Israel.

Hederelloids encrusting a brachiopod from the Devonian of Ohio.

Scanning electron microscope image of a hederelloid from the Devonian of Michigan.

Three hederelloid species on a Devonian rugose coral.

Ordovician fossils from Minnesota; brachiopods and bryozoans.

A fossil receptaculitid, considered a member of the Order Dasycladales; Ordovician of Estonia.

Brown bodies in an Ordovician bryozoan.

Edrioasteroid (Cystaster stellatus) from the Ordovician of northern Kentucky.

Ostreolith ("oyster ball") from the Carmel Formation (Jurassic) of southwestern Utah.

Ostreolith ("oyster ball") interior showing an aragonitic shell cast as the nucleus and Gastrochaenolites borings; Carmel Formation (Jurassic) of southwestern Utah.

Hyolithes cerops Walcott from the Spence Shale near Paris, Idaho (Middle Cambrian).

Hyoliths from the Middle Ordovician of northern Estonia; these are internal molds.

Ordovician strophomenid brachiopod encrusted with bryozoans and inarticulate brachiopods (Petrocrania).

Petrocrania brachiopods attached to a strophomenid brachiopod; Upper Ordovician of southeastern Indiana.

Baculites specimen in the field; western South Dakota, Late Cretaceous. Part of the phragmocone and part of the body chamber visible.

Baculites showing sutures and remnant aragonite; western South Dakota, Late Cretaceous.

Close-up of a conulariid from the Mississippian of Indiana.

Conulariid from the Mississippian of Indiana.

Ichthyosaur vertebrae from the Sundance Formation (Jurassic) of Natrona County, Wyoming.

Nummulitid foraminiferans from the Eocene near Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. Microspheric and megalospheric specimens shown. Scale in mm.

A broken concretion with fossils inside; Late Cretaceous near Ekalaka, Montana.

Matthevia, a Late Cambrian polyplacophoran from the Hellnmaria Member of the Notch Peak Limestone, Steamboat Pass, southern House Range, Utah.

Gorgonian holdfast on a Miocene limestone surface, Czech Republic.

Crinoid columnals (Isocrinus nicoleti) from the Middle Jurassic Carmel Formation at Mount Carmel Junction, Utah. Scale in mm.

Amplexograptus from the Ordovician near Caney Springs, Tennessee.

Viburnum lesquereuxii leaf with insect damage; Dakota Sandstone (Cretaceous) of Ellsworth County, Kansas.

Lepidodendron external mold from the Upper Carboniferous of Ohio.

Stigmaria, a fossil tree root. Upper Carboniferous of northeastern Ohio.

Fossil seed fern leaves from the Late Carboniferous of northeastern Ohio.

Trigonia sp. from the Glen Rose Formation (Cretaceous) near Austin, Texas.

Tentaculitids from the Devonian of Maryland. Scale bar is 5.0 mm.

Tabulate coral (a syringoporid); Boone Limestone (Lower Carboniferous) near Hiwasse, Arkansas.

Rudist bivalves from the Cretaceous of the Omani Mountains, United Arab Emirates.

Platystrophia ponderosa, Maysvillian (Upper Ordovician) near Madison, Indiana.

Phacopid trilobite from the Devonian of Ohio. Scale bar is 5.0 mm.

Silurian Pentamerus brachiopod. Scale bar is 5.0 mm.

Solitary rugose coral (Grewingkia) in three views; Ordovician, southeastern Indiana.

Tullimonstrum gregarium in a concretion from the Mazon Creek (Upper Carboniferous), Illinois.

Inoceramus from the Cretaceous of South Dakota.

Internal mold of a nautiloid from the Upper Ordovician of northern Kentucky. Note the encruster over the mold.

Crinoid holdfasts and bryozoans on an Upper Ordovician cobble from northern Kentucky.

Protaraea richmondensis, a heliolitid coral; Cincinnatian (Upper Ordovician) of southeastern Indiana.

Zygospira modesta, spiriferid brachiopods, preserved in their original positions on a trepostome bryozoan; Cincinnatian (Upper Ordovician) of southeastern Indiana.

Root-like crinoid holdfast (Ordovician, southern Ohio).

Hypostome of the trilobite Isotelus (Ordovician of southern Ohio).

Rhynchotrema dentatum, a brachiopod from the Cincinnatian (Upper Ordovician) of southeastern Indiana.

Cladocora from the Pliocene of Cyprus.

Serpulid attached to a branch of the coral Cladocora from the Pliocene of Cyprus.

Gastropod and attached wormtube from the Pliocene of Cyprus.

Turritella carinata from the Pliocene of Cyprus.

Spondylus from the Pliocene of Cyprus.

Spondylus from the Pliocene of Cyprus.

Diodora italica from the Pliocene of Cyprus.

Dentalium from the Pliocene of Cyprus.

Anadara from the Pliocene of Cyprus.

Ammusium cristatum from the Pliocene of Cyprus.

Belemnite from the very top of the Zohar Formation near Neve Atif, the Golan.

A pseudocoprolite from Washington state. Scale in mm.

Manganese dendrites on a limestone bedding plane from Solingen, Germany. Scale in mm.

Concretion with calcite-filled septarian cracks. Scale in mm.

Eozoön canadense, a metamorphic rock made of interlayered calcite and serpentine. A famous pseudofossil. Scale in mm.

Shatter cones produced by compression of limestone. Sometimes mistaken for fossils, thus becoming examples of pseudofossils. Scale in mm.

Cross-section of a concretion showing layers which resemble tree rings.

Jurassic sediments in Makhtesh Gadol, Negev Desert, Israel.

Center of Makhtesh Gadol, Negev, Israel.‎

‎Center of Makhtesh Gadol, Negev, Israel.

‎Center of Makhtesh Gadol, Negev, Israel.

Mist flowing into Makhtesh Gadol, Negev, Israel.

Road on northern side of Maktesh Gadol originally built by the British during oil exploration.

Chalcolithic mine in Timna Valley, Negev Desert, Israel.

Arch in Timna Park, Negev Desert, Israel.

Timna Valley, Negev Desert, Israel.

Wadi in Nahal Paran, Negev, Israel.‎

Rocky exposures, Nahal Paran, Negev, Israel.

Makhtesh Ramon, Negev Desert, Israel.

Ramon Fault on the southern side of Makhtesh Ramon, Negev, Israel.

Makhtesh Ramon, Negev, Israel.

Maar lake in the Golan, Israel.

Rainbow Cave arch in the Galilee, Israel.

Thalassinoides trace fossils, Jurassic, Makhtesh Qatan, Israel.‎

Pebbles cemented with halite on the western shore of the Dead Sea, Israel.

Belemnite from the very top of the Zohar Formation near Neve Atif, the Golan.

Zion Gate, Jerusalem, Israel; note bullet scars.

Golden Gate, Jerusalem, Israel.

Robinson's Arch, Jerusalem, Israel.

Southern steps of the Temple Mount, Jerusalem.

Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem, Israel.

Washing station on the Temple Mount, Jerusalem, Israel.

South-west qanatir, Temple Mount, Jerusalem, Israel.

Hezekiah's Tunnel, Jerusalem, Israel.

Mount of Olives viewed from the Old City showing the Jewish cemetery (2003).

Mount of Olives viewed from the Old City showing the Jewish cemetery (2009).

Kidron Valley viewed from the Old City of Jerusalem.

Hagia Maria Sion Abbey from the Jerusalem city walls.

Yad Kennedy, Jerusalem Forest.

Majdal Shams, Golan Heights.

Jacob's Ford Battlefield (1179) viewed from the Ateret Fortress main gateway to the east across the Jordan river.

Masada, Israel.

Megiddo archaeological site, Israel.

Line painted in 1900 (at top of image) by Robert A.S. Macalister of the Palestine Exploration Fund showing the level of the Dead Sea.

Fringing coral reef near Eilat, Israel.

Remains of living quarters at Qumran.

Remains of a Byzantine church at Nizana, Israel.

Nizana, Israel, viewed from the south.

"Way of Peace" constructed between 1996 and 2000 between Israel and Egypt.

German-Turkish hospital (1906-1917) built on ruins of Byzantine fort at Nizana. Note battle damage.

Shivta arachaeological site, Negev Desert, Israel.

Acacia tree in Makhtesh Gadol.‎

Acacia tree in Makhtesh Gadol.

Avdat archaeological site, Negev, Israel.

Avdat archaeological site, Negev, Israel.

Egypt-Israel border, looking north from the Eilat Mountains.

St. Catherine's monastery near Mount Sinai, Egypt.

Climbing the trail to the summit of Mount Sinai, Egypt.

View from Mount Sinai, Egypt.

Chapel at the summit of Mount Sinai, Egypt.

Sand dune on the Sinai Peninsula.

St. Catherine's monastery viewed from Mount Sinai, Egypt.

Egypt-Israel border, looking north from the Eilat Mountains.

The Free Derry mural, temporarily painted pink in 2007 in honor of Gay Pride, Londonderry, Northern Ireland.

Westland Road in the Bogside, viewed from the city wall (July 31, 2007).

The Red Lion Pub in St. Columb Major, Cornwall, England.

The oldest remaining Glebe house, St. Columb Major, Cornwall, England.

St Columb Church, Cornwall, England.

Portland's cliffs and quarries, England.

Chesil Beach viewed from the Isle of Portland.

Renault FT 17 tank in Bovington Tank Museum.

The remains of a fort on Hadrian's Wall near Housesteads, England.

Barnacles in the intertidal near Newquay, Cornwall, England.

Mussels and barnacles in the intertidal near Newquay, Cornwall, England.

Limpets in the intertidal near Newquay, Cornwall, England.

Castle an Dinas as viewed from St. Columb Major, Cornwall, England.

St. Columb Major, Cornwall, England, as viewed from Castle an Dinas.

Statue of Euclid in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History.

Northern coast of Saaremaa, Estonia.

Raised beach on the northern coast of Saaremaa, Estonia.

Shoreline at Mustvee, Estonia. July 25, 2007.

Harbor at Mustvee, Estonia. July 25, 2007.

Muhu Stronghold, site of the native Estonian surrender to crusaders in 1227.

Monument in the center of the Muhu Stronghold.

Soviet WWII graves, Saaremaa, Estonia. July 27, 2007.

Soviet WWII memorial, Saaremaa, Estonia. July 27, 2007.

The Bronze Soldier of Tallinn on June 26, 2006. It was at the time cordoned off by police.

Kuressaare Castle, Saaremaa, Estonia. July 27, 2007.

Recreation of a 16th century knight supposedly immured in a wall of Kuressaare Castle, Estonia.

Northern coast of Muhu, Estonia. July 26, 2007.

Katariina Church on Muhu, Estonia. July 26, 2007.

Head of Lenin in the basement of the Museum of Occupation in Tallinn, Estonia.

Soviet prison doors on display in the Museum of Occupations, Tallinn, Estonia.

Monument to Juhan Smuul on Muhu Island, Estonia.

Monument to Johan Pitka in Tallinn, Estonia.

Cableway to abandoned coalmine near Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway.

DeGeerdalen just south of Isfjorden shoreline, Svalbard, Norway.

Isfjorden from the south shore near DeGeerdalen, Svalbard, Norway.

Anne Stine and Helge Ingstad monument, Oslo, Norway.

Monument to the Decembrists at the execution site in St. Petersburg, Russia.

Inscription on the monument to the Decembrists at the execution site in St. Petersburg, Russia.

Bust of Nikolai Gogol in St. Petersburg.

Reputed burial mound for Oleg of Novgorod; Volkhov River near Old Ladoga.

Remnants of World War II Russian trenches in the Nevsky Pyatachok.

Statue of Andrei Sakharov at the University of St. Petersburg. His hands are tied behind his back as a prisoner.

Hydroelectric plant on the Volkhov River, Russia.

Eighth to Tenth Century Viking burial mounds along the Volkhov River near Staraya Ladoga, Russia.

St. George's Church in the Ladoga Fortress, Staraya Ladoga, Russia.

Bust of M. A. Castrén in Helsinki, with National Museum of Finland in the background.

Statue of Eino Leino in Helsinki.

Kyosti Kallio statue near the Parliament Building, Helsinki.

Equestrian statue of Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim in downtown Helsinki.

Monument to the Vart Land poem in Helsinki.

Museum ship Pommern docked at Mariehamn, Åland.

Fyris River in Uppsala (December 2007).

Uppsala Cathedral (Lutheran) in December 2007.

Tomb of John III of Sweden in Uppsala Cathedral, Sweden.

Casket of Eric IX of Sweden in Uppsala Cathedral, Sweden.

The Linnaeus summer home at Hammarby, south of Uppsala.

Doorway to the summer home bedroom of Linnaeus showing his personal motto, "Innocue vivito, numen adest", Live righteously- the deity is present.

Putto with trumpet and skull, Sedlec Ossuary, Czech Republic.

Artist's signature, Sedlec Ossuary, Czech Republic.

Detail of the Schwarzenberg coat-of-arms. The skull represents that of a Turkish soldier. Sedlec Ossuary, Czech Republic.

Trosky Castle, Czech Republic.

Bullet-scarred window of the Church of Saints Cyril and Methodius in Prague where the attackers on Heydrich were cornered.

Confluence of the Bhagirathi and Alaknanda Rivers to produce the Ganges at Devprayag, India.

Hexagram in stonework at the Qutb complex, Delhi, India.

The iron pillar in the Qutb complex, Delhi, India.

The main street of Wooster Nagar, India. The English translation is "Noble Street".

A fisherman in Wooster Nagar, India, demonstrates his net-throwing technique.

Elephant and other creatures carved from granite in Mahabalipuram, India.

Lee shore beach on Long Island, The Bahamas.

Holocene eolianite on Long Island, Bahamas.

Northern rocky shore of Great Inagua exposing Pleistocene reefal limestones.

Atlantic shore of Long Island, The Bahamas.

Grocery store in Matthew Town, Great Inagua, The Bahamas.

Old prison in Matthew Town, Great Inagua, The Bahamas.

Window in old prison in Matthew Town, Great Inagua, The Bahamas.

Eemian erosion surface in a fossil coral reef on Great Inagua, The Bahamas. Foreground shows corals truncated by erosion; behind the geologist is a post-erosion coral pillar which grew on the surface after sea level rose again.

Marker stone on the Little Bighorn Battlefield, Montana.

Marker stone on the Little Bighorn Battlefield, Montana.

Greater Roadrunner at Death Valley National Park.

Bristlecone Pine, White Mountains, California.

Male cone of a limber pine, eastern Sierra Nevada, Rock Creek Canyon, California.

Limber pine, eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada, Rock Creek Canyon, California.

Juniperus occidentalis var. australis, eastern Sierra Nevada, Rock Creek Canyon, California.

Juniperus occidentalis var. australis, eastern Sierra Nevada, Rock Creek Canyon, California.

Juniperus occidentalis var. australis, eastern Sierra Nevada, Rock Creek Canyon, California.

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in Rainbow Basin near Barstow, California.

Desert Studies Center at Zzyzx Springs, California.

Graves in Boothill Cemetery, Tombstone, Arizona.

Hoodoos of rhyolite in Chiricahua National Monument, southeastern Arizona.

Apache Pass, Arizona, as viewed from Fort Bowie facing north.

Dragoon Mountains, Arizona, viewed from the south.

Blue dot represents where US Army Lieutenant George N. Bascom met Apache leader Cochise on February 5, 1861, in Apache Pass, Arizona.

Cochise Stronghold, Dragoon Mountains, southeastern Arizona.

Sonoran Desert outside Wickenburg, Arizona.

Memorial to victims of the KGB in Vilnius, Lithuania.

The construction and industry statue on the Green Bridge, Vilnius; it is one of the few remaining in its original place in Lithuania.

Lithuanian warriors on the Grunwald Monument in Kraków, Poland.

Private Samuel K. Wilson (1841-1865) of the Sturgis Rifles, Illinois Volunteer Infantry (1862).

1839 work on North American geology by Charles Daubeny.

Front page of Edward Palmer's The Desert of the Exodus (1872).

A church ruin in El'Aujeh (present day Nitzana) in the Negev Desert as illustrated by Palmer (1872) in his The Desert of the Exodus.

Pecten sp. with serpulid worm encrusters; Duck Harbor Beach on Cape Cod Bay, Wellfleet, Massachusetts.

Modern Tubipora specimen (Alcyonaria).

Modern Tubipora specimen (Alcyonaria).

Virginia Opossum (Didelphis virginiana) in a juniper tree in northeastern Ohio.

Edge Hill on the Bushy Run Battlefield, Pennsylvania.

Echinopsis eyriesii visited by a European honeybee; Kfar Blum Kibbutz garden, Israel.