File:"Semper Augustus" (breaking tulip, diseased by Potyvirus).jpg

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English: (public domain image of a 1600s illustration)

Tulipa sp. - diseased tulip flower ("Semper Augustus")

Plants are multicellular, photosynthesizing eucaryotes. Most species occupy terrestrial environments, but they also occur in freshwater and saltwater aquatic environments. The oldest known land plants in the fossil record are Ordovician to Silurian. Land plant body fossils are known in Silurian sedimentary rocks - they are small and simple plants (e.g., Cooksonia). Fossil root traces in paleosol horizons are known in the Ordovician. During the Devonian, the first trees and forests appeared. Earth's initial forestation event occurred during the Middle to Late Paleozoic. Earth's continents have been partly to mostly covered with forests ever since the Late Devonian. Occasional mass extinction events temporarily removed much of Earth's plant ecosystems - this occurred at the Permian-Triassic boundary (251 million years ago) and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (65 million years ago).

The most conspicuous group of living plants is the angiosperms, the flowering plants. They first unambiguously appeared in the fossil record during the Cretaceous. They quickly dominated Earth's terrestrial ecosystems, and have dominated ever since. This domination was due to the evolutionary success of flowers, which are structures that greatly aid angiosperm reproduction.

Tulips are Old World flowering plants, but their colorful, attractive flowers have resulted in widespread cultivation by humans. Tulip flowers have only one color each. Bicolored tulips, such as the "Semper Augustus" seen here, were noticed and highly valued centuries ago in Europe, especially Holland (see: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulip_mania ). Such flowers are called "breaking tulips", with feathery or flame-like patterns. The breaking tulip coloration pattern is a symptom of a plant disease caused by a species of Potyvirus called the tulip breaking virus. Semper Augustus tulips were once considered a "variety" of tulip, before their disesed nature was realized. Some still refer to Semper Augustus as an "extinct variety" of tulip, but no - it wasn't a variety - it was a diseased tulip. Modern hybridization efforts have resulted in non-diseased tulips that mimic breaking tulips (e.g., www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/27161384625).

Classification: Plantae, Angiospermophyta, Liliales, Liliaceae

More info. at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulip and

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulip_breaking_virus
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Source https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/51077294463/
Author James St. John

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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/51077294463. It was reviewed on 9 November 2021 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the Public Domain Mark.

9 November 2021

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current15:44, 31 March 2021Thumbnail for version as of 15:44, 31 March 2021895 × 1,706 (1.06 MB)Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs)Uploaded a work by James St. John from https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/51077294463/ with UploadWizard

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