File:0051223 Vajreshwari Devi Mandir, Kangra Himachal Pradesh 147.jpg
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[edit]Description0051223 Vajreshwari Devi Mandir, Kangra Himachal Pradesh 147.jpg |
English: The Vajreshwari Devi temple, sometimes spelled Vajesvari Mata or Bajreshwari temple, is one of the oldest temple sites in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh dating from pre-10th century. It was destroyed by Mohamud Ghazni, rebuilt after Ghazni's death. The site was once again destroyed by Muhammad Tughlaq, and then rebuilt again. In the 16th century, the site was devastated by Khawas Khan. It was rebuilt again during the reign on Akbar, to be destroyed again by the regional governor of Aurangzeb. The temple was rebuilt again after the collapse of the Mughal empire with the help of Sikh empire. The temple was damaged in the 1905 earthquake and repaired again. The temple complex is thus quite a late era reconstruction and the site thus preserves layers of a tortured and complex history. The most identifiable layer is the stone ruins from 12th and 15th century, though bricks wrap sections of it.
The Vajreshvari temple is a Shakti–peetha, one of the highly revered sites in India dedicated to the goddess tradition of Hinduism. The local legends state that this site was one of the Jvalamukhi temples and "Maa Devi" (mother goddess) temples in the Himalayas. The temple remains highly popular among Hindus and the site is a major tirtha stop for Hindu pilgrims. The complex consists of a main temple and many smaller shrines. The main temple is dedicated to Durga and it follows the Nagara architecture, one with layers of re-construction. This structure also embeds the recovered ruins from earlier versions of the temple. A mandapa faces the sanctum and is notable for its colorful frescoes about Hindu legends. The phamsana-style smaller shrines are dedicated to Shiva, Vishnu, Ganesha and other Hindu deities. The Vajreshvari temple is notable for early Durga Mahisasuramardini and Yama artwork. The site has two inscriptions. One of these is 24 lines long. It is notable for the first two lines in Takari script and mention of Jvalamukhi, then the rest in Nagari script. This inscription confirms the role of king Sansar Chandra in building the oldest surviving sections of this temple. |
Date | |
Source | Own work |
Author | Ms Sarah Welch |
Camera location | 32° 06′ 06.27″ N, 76° 16′ 11.96″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 32.101742; 76.269989 |
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current | 18:49, 7 January 2024 | 3,375 × 4,500 (3.56 MB) | Ms Sarah Welch (talk | contribs) | Uploaded own work with UploadWizard |
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Metadata
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Camera manufacturer | samsung |
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Camera model | SM-M317F |
Exposure time | 1/100 sec (0.01) |
F-number | f/1.8 |
ISO speed rating | 50 |
Date and time of data generation | 16:19, 12 May 2023 |
Lens focal length | 5.23 mm |
Latitude | 32° 6′ 6.27″ N |
Longitude | 76° 16′ 11.96″ E |
Altitude | 718 meters above sea level |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 240 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 240 dpi |
Software used | Luminar AI |
File change date and time | 16:19, 12 May 2023 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 16:19, 12 May 2023 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX aperture | 1.69 |
APEX brightness | 3.44 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 1.69 APEX (f/1.8) |
Metering mode | Spot |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 000 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 000 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 000 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 4 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 24 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |