File:1856 CE Translation 1865 edition, Kural of Thiruvalluvar Tirukkural Graul.jpg

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Tirukkural translation by a Christian missionary

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English: Karl Graul, also spelled Charles Graul, published a German translation of the Tamil classic Tirukkural in 1856 CE, reprinted in many editions (1865 shown above) as well as re-translated into other European languages such as English. It included Beschi's Latin translation (left above).

Graul stated the Christian missionary Beschi gave a "Christian coloring" as he translated and interpreted this South Indian text. He himself speculated that this was probably a Buddhist or Jaina text, one that was "appropriated" by Shaiva Hindus sometime in distant history. He recommended that Christian missionaries seeking to influence and convert Tamil Hindu "heathendom" should study this text because they "breathe and live" this text.

This Kraul translation was published in 1865, this is a photograph of the cover page (2D-Art), the author died before 1865 according to this publication. Thus Wikimedia's PD-Art guidelines apply. Any rights I have as a photographer, I herewith donate it to wikimedia foundation under creative commons 4.0 license.
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Author Ms Sarah Welch

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current19:09, 24 October 2019Thumbnail for version as of 19:09, 24 October 20192,031 × 1,466 (482 KB)Ms Sarah Welch (talk | contribs)User created page with UploadWizard

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